A.

D PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SUBJECT:- APPLIED FLUID MECHANICS (2160602)

TOPIC:- Hydrodynamically Smooth & Rough boundaries

GUIDED BY:- Dr. Rajiv Bhatt

PREPARED BY:- NISARG SHAH (170010106042)
RUTVIJ SONI (170010106048)
 HYDRODYNAMICALLY
SMOTH & ROUGH BOUNDRIES
INTRODUCTION
Laminar Flow: In this type of flow, fluid particles moves along smooth straight
parallel paths in layers or laminas, with one layer gliding smoothly over an
adjacent layer, the paths of individual fluid particles do not cross those of
neighbouring particles.

Turbulent Flow: In turbulent flow, there is an irregular random movement of fluid

in transverse direction to the main flow. This irregular, fluctuating motion can be
regarded as superimposed on the mean motion of the fluid.
Laminar

Transitional

Turbulent
 HYDRODYNAMICALLY
SMOTH & ROUGH BOUNDRIES

ρVd
 Types of flow depend on the Reynold number , Re = --------
µ
 Re < 2000 – flow is laminar

 Re > 2000 – flow is turbulent

 2000 < Re < 4000 – flow changes from laminar to turbulent.

 H Y D R O D Y N A M I C A L LY
SMOTH & ROUGH BOUNDRIES

 Hydrodynamically smooth pipe :  Hydrodynamically rough pipe :

• The hight of roughness of pipe is less than • The hight of roughness of pipe is greater
thickness of laminar sublayer of flowing than the thickness of laminar sublayer of
fluid. flowing fluid.
• K < δ′ • K > δ′
 Criteria for roughness:
• Hydrodynamically k
 0 . 2 5
smooth pipe 
• Hydrodynamically
k 6
rough pipe 

• Transition k
region region in 0.25   6

a pipe
 IN TERMS OF REYNOLDS NUMBER

1. If Re <4 → Smooth boundary

2. If Re ≥100 → Rough boundary
3. If 4<Re <100 → Boundary is in transition stage.
VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION FOR TURBULENT

 Velocity Distribution
v
 4.75  2.5
 R 
in a hydrodynamically log e 
V* 
smooth pipe

 Velocity Distribution v
 8.5  2.5 log  y 
in a hydrodynamically V* e
 
Rough Pipes
Velocity Distribution for turbulent flow in terms of
average Velocity (V)

 Velocity Distribution V
 1.75  2.5 log  V * R 
in a hydrodynamically V* e
  

smooth pipe

 Velocity Distribution
V
 4 .75  2 . 5 lo g  R 
in a hydrodynamically V * e
 
Rough Pipes
Thank you