Lecture 27 - Reinforced Columns

March 25, 2002

CVEN 444
 Lecture Goals

• Columns
– Short Column Design
• Column Example
• Interaction Diagrams
 Behavior under Combined Bending and
Axial Loads
Interaction Diagram Between Axial Load and Moment
( Failure Envelope )

Concrete crushes
before steel yields

Steel yields before

concrete crushes

Note: Any combination of P and M outside the envelope will cause failure.
 Example: Axial Load Vs. Moment
Interaction Diagram
Consider an square column (20 in x 20 in.) with 8 #10
( = 0.0254) and fc = 4 ksi and fy = 60 ksi. Draw the
interaction diagram.
 Example
Point c (in) Pn Mn e
1 - 1548 k 0 0
2 20 1515 k 253 k-ft 2 in
3 17.5 1292 k 359 k-ft 3.33 in
4 12.5 841 k 500 k-ft 7.13 in
5 10.36 585 k 556 k-ft 11.42 in
6 8.0 393 k 531 k-ft 16.20 in
7 6.0 151 k 471 k-ft 37.35 in
8 ~4.5 0k 395 k-ft infinity

9 0 -610 k 0 k-ft
 Example
Column Analysis
Use a series of c values 2000
to obtain the Pn verses
1500
Mn.
1000

P (k) 500

0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600

-500

-1000
M (k-ft)
 Example
Max. compression
Column Analysis

1200

1000
Location of the 800

linearly varying  600

400 Cb
 Pn (k)

200

0
0 100 200 300 400 500
-200

-400

Max. tension -600

-800
 Mn (k-ft)
 Design for Combined Bending and
Axial Load (short column)
Column Types
3) Tied Column - Bars in 2 faces (furthest from axis
of bending.

- Most efficient when e/h > 0.2

- rectangular shape increases efficiency
 Design for Combined Bending and
Axial Load (short column)
Spices

Typically longitudinal bars spliced just above

each floor. (non-seismic)
Type of lap splice depends on state of stress
(ACI 12.17)
 Design for Combined Bending and
Axial Load (short column)
Spices
All bars in compression Use compression lap splice
(ACI 12.16)
0  f s  0.5 f y on tension face  Class A tension lap 

( 1 / 2 bars splice) 
 Class B 
ACI 12.15
( 1/2 bars spliced) 
f s  0.5 f y  Class B tension lap splice


 Design for Combined Bending and
Axial Load (short column)
Column Shear
 
 Nu 
Recall Vc  21   f c bw d  ACI 11 - 4
 2000 A 
( Axial  g 
Compression )

If Vu  0.5Vc  Ties must satisfy ACI Ch. 11

and ACI Sec. 7.10.5
 Design for Combined Bending and
Axial Load (short column)
Additional Note on Reinforcement Ratio

Recall 0.01    0.08  ACI 10.9.1

(ACI 10.8.4 ) For cross-section larger than required for
loading:
Min. reinforcement may be computed for
reduced effective area, Ag, (  1/2 Ag (total) )
 Provided strength from reduced area and
resulting Ast must be adequate for loading.
Non-dimensional Interaction Diagrams
Pn Mn
versus
Ag Ag h

or  Pn  Mn
versus
Ag Ag h
See Figures A-6 to A-14
or ACI Common 340 Design Handbook Vol 2
Columns (ACI 340.2R-91)
Non-dimensional Interaction Diagrams
Design using non-dimensional interaction
diagrams

1.) Calculate factored loads (Pu , Mu ) and e for

relevant load combinations
2.) Select potentially governing case(s)
3.) Use estimate h to calculate h, e/h for governing
case(s)
Design using non-dimensional interaction
diagrams

4.) Use appropriate chart (App. A) target g

 Pn Pu
Read  Calculate Ag 
required  
Ag   Pn 
 
 A 
(for each governing case)  g 
5.) Select b & h  Ag  b * h
Design using non-dimensional interaction
diagrams

6.) If dimensions are significantly different from

estimated (step 3), recalculate ( e / h ) and redo
steps 4 & 5.
Revise Ag if necessary.
7.) Select steel  Ast   Ag
Design using non-dimensional interaction
diagrams

8.) Using actual dimensions & bar sizes to check all

load combinations ( use charts or “exact:
interaction diagram).

9.) Design lateral reinforcement. [see Ex. 11-2

solve for g ]
 Example: Column design using
Interaction Diagrams
Determine the tension and compression
reinforcement for a 16 in x 24 in. rectangular tied
column to support Pu= 840 k and Mu = 420 k-ft. Use
fc = 4 ksi and fy = 60 ksi. Using the interaction
diagram.
Example
Example