Lecture 32 - Beam Deflection

April 8, 2001
CVEN 444
 Lecture Goals
• Serviceability
• Deflection calculation
• Example Problem
 Calculate the Deflections

(1) Instantaneous (immediate) deflections

(2) Sustained load deflection

Instantaneous Deflections
due to dead loads( unfactored) , live, etc.
 Calculate the Deflections
Instantaneous Deflections
Equations for calculating inst for common cases
 Calculate the Deflections
Instantaneous Deflections
Equations for calculating inst for common cases
 Calculate the Deflections
Instantaneous Deflections
Equations for calculating inst for common cases
 Calculate the Deflections
Instantaneous Deflections
Equations for calculating inst for common cases
 Sustained Load Deflections

Creep causes an increase

in concrete strain  Curvature
increases

Compression steel Increase in compressive

present strains cause increase in
stress in compression
reinforcement (reduces
Helps limit this
creep strain in concrete)
effect.
 Sustained Load Deflections
Sustain load deflection = i

Instantaneous deflection


1  50   ACI 9.5.2.5

As at midspan for simple and continuous beams

 
at support for cantilever beams
bd
 Sustained Load Deflections

 = time dependent factor for sustained load

5 years or more  2.0

12 months  1.4
6 months  1.2
3 months  1.0

Also see Figure 9.5.2.5 from ACI code

 Sustained Load Deflections
For dead and live loads
 total   DL  inst    LL inst 
  DL  L.T.    LL L.T. 
DL and LL may have different  factors for
LT ( long term )  calculations
  after attachment of 
  total   DL inst 
total  
 N/S components 
 Sustained Load Deflections

The appropriate value of Ic must be used to calculate

at each load stage.

 DL  inst  Some percentage of DL (if given)

 LL inst    DL  inst  Full DL and LL

 Serviceability Load Deflections -
Example
Show in the attached figure is a typical interior span of a floor
beam spanning between the girders at locations A and C. Partition
walls, which may be damaged by large deflections, are to be
erected at this level. The interior beam shown in the attached
figure will support one of these partition walls. The weight of the
wall is included in the uniform dead load provided in the figure.
Assume that 15 % of the distributed dead load is due to a
superimposed dead load, which is applied to the beam after the
partition wall is in place. Also assume that 40 % of the live load
will be sustained for at least 6 months.
 Serviceability Load Deflections -
Example

fc = 5 ksi
fy = 60 ksi
 Serviceability Load Deflections -
Example
Part I
Determine whether the floor beam meets the ACI Code maximum
permissible deflection criteria. (Note: it will be assumed that it is
acceptable to consider the effective moments of inertia at location
A and B when computing the average effective moment of inertia
for the span in this example.)

Part II
Check the ACI Code crack width provisions at midspan of the
beam.
 Serviceability Load Deflections -
Example

Deflection before glass partition is installed (85 % of DL)

l 35ft  12 in/ft 
be    105 in
4 4
  8t   2   bw  8  4.5 in  2  12 in = 84 in
 s = 10 ft = 120 in.
 Example
Compute gross moment of inertia, Ig.

b h A rea yi A i * yi
F lange 84 4.5 378 17.75 6709.5
W eb 15.5 12 186 7.75 1441.5

564 8151
 Example
The moment of inertia

y
 yA i i

8151 in 3
 14.45 in  14.5 in
A i 564 in 2

1 
I g    bh3  Ad 2 
 12 
1
  84 in   4.5 in    378 in 2   17.75 in - 14.45 in 
3 2

12
1
  12 in   15.5 in    186 in 2   7.75 in - 14.45 in 
3 2

12
 16,950 in 4  16900 in 4
 Example
The moment capacity

f r  7.5 f c  7.5 5000  530 psi

E c  57000 f c  57000 5000 /1000 lbs=4030 ksi
fr Ig  530 psi   16900 in 4 
M cr  -    1610 k-in
y t  -  5.55 in   1000 lbs/kip 

fr Ig  530 psi   16900 in 4 

M cr  +     618 k-in
y t  +   14.5 in   1000 lbs/kip 
 Example
Determine bending moments due to initial load (0.85 DL) The
ACI moment coefficients will be used to calculate the bending
moments Since the loading is not patterned in this case, This is
slightly conservative
 Example
The moments at the two locations

M A    0.85wD   ln  /11  0.85*1.00k/ft*  33.67 ft  /11  87.6 k-ft  1050 k-in

2 2

M B   0.85wD   ln  /16  0.85*1.00k/ft*  33.67 ft  /16  60.2 k-ft  723 k-in

2 2

Moment at C will be set equal to Ma for simplicity, as given in

the problem statement.
M A  1050 k-in <M cr -  1610 k-in  Use Ig @ supports
M B  723 k-in>M cr  +   618 k-in  Use Icr @ midspan
 Example
Assume Rectangular Section Behavior
Es 29000 ksi
n   7.2
Ec 4030 ksi The areas of steel
As  3#5  3  0.31 in 2   0.93 in 2
As  4 # 7  4  0.6 in 2   2.40 in 2
 2  n  1 As  2nAs   2  n  1 Asd   2nAs d 
y 
2
 y  0
 b   b 
Calculate the center  2  6.2   0.93 in 2   2  7.2   2.4 in 2  
y2   y
 84 in 
 2  6.2   0.93 in 2   2.5 in   2  7.2   2.4 in 2   17.5 in  
 0
 84 in 
y 2  0.549 y  7.55  0
0.549  30.5
y  2.49 in
2
 Example
The centroid is located at the A’s < 4.5 in. = tf Use rectangular
section behavior

1
I cr +   by 3   n  1 As  y  d    nAs  d  y 
2 2

3
1
  84 in   2.49 in    6.2   0.93 in 2   2.5 in  2.49 in 
3 2

3
  7.2   2.4 in 2   17.5 in  2.49 in 
2

 4330 in 4
 Example
The moment of inertia at midspan

 M cr 
3
  M 3 
  I g  1     I cr
cr
I e midspan 
 Ma  M
  a 
 618 k-in 
3
  618 k-in  
3


 723 k-in 
  16900 in 4
  

1      4330 in 4

  723 k-in  
 12200 in 4
 Example
Calculate average effective moment of inertia, Ie(avg) for interior
span (for 0.85 DL) For beam with two ends continuous and use
Ig for the two ends.

I e avg   0.7 I e mid   0.15  I e1  I e2 

 0.7  12200 in 4   0.15  16900 in 4  16900 in 4 
 13600 in 4
 Example
Calculate instantaneous deflection due to 0.85 DL:
Use the deflection equation for a fixed-fixed beam but use the
span length from the centerline support to centerline support to
reasonably approximate the actual deflection.

0.85  1.00 k/ft   35 ft   12 in/ft 

4 3
l 4
 DL inst   
384 EI 384  4030 ksi   13600 in 4 
 0.105 inches
 Example
Calculate additional short-term Deflections (full DL & LL)

   D   L  ln2   1.62 k/ft   33.67 ft 

2

MA    167 k-ft  2000 k-in

11 11
  D   L  ln2  1.62 k/ft   33.67 ft 
2

MB    115 k-ft  1380 k-in

16 16

Let Mc = Ma = - 2000 k-in for simplicity see problem statement

M c  M A  2000 k-in  M cr  -  1610 k-in  cracking at supports

M B  1380 k-in  M cr +   618 k-in  cracking at midspan
 Example
Assume beam is fully cracked under full DL + LL, therefore
I= Icr (do not calculate Ie for now).

n  7.20
Icr for supports As  2  4   0.20 in 2   3  0.6 in 2   3.40 in 2
d  20 in - 2.5 in = 17.5 in
As  3  0.6 in 2   1.80 in 2
d   2.5 in
 Example
Class formula using doubly reinforced rectangular section
behavior.

 2  n  1 As  2nAs   2  n  1 Asd   2nAs d 

y 
2
 y  0
 b   b 
 2  6.2   1.80 in 2   2  7.2   3.4 in 2  
y2   y
 12 in 
 2  6.2   1.80 in 2   2.5 in   2  7.2   3.4 in 2   17.5 in  
 0
 12 in 
y 2  5.49 y  76.` 0
5.49  340
y  6.25 in
2
 Example
Calculate moment of inertia.
1 3
 by   n  1 As  y  d   nAs  d  y 
2 2
I cr +   
3
1
  12 in   6.25 in    6.2   1.80 in 2   2.5 in  6.25 in 
3 2

3
  7.2   3.4 in 2   17.5 in  6.25 in 
2

 4230 in 4
Weighted Icr
I cr  0.7 I cr mid   0.15  I cr1  I cr2 
 0.7  4330 in 4   0.15  4230 in 4  4230 in 4 
 4300 in 4
 Example
Instantaneous Dead and Live Load Deflection.

 1.00 k/ft   35 ft   12 in/ft 

4 3
 Dl4
 DL inst     0.390 inches
384 EI 384  4030 ksi   4300 in  4

0.62 k/ft
 LL inst    DL inst  *  0.242 inches
1.00 k/ft
 Example
Long term Deflection at the midspan
As  t  3  0.31 in 2 
 t     0.00221
2bw d 2  12 in   17.5 in 

Dead Load (Duration > 5 years)

 2.0
   1.80
1  50   1  50  0.00221
 DL L.T.  DL  DL inst   1.8  0.390 in   0.702 in
 Example
Long term Deflection use the midspan information
As  t  3  0.31 in 2 
 t     0.00221
2bw d 2  12 in   17.5 in 

Live Load (40 % sustained 6 months)

 1.2
   1.08
1  50   1  50  0.00221
 LL L.T.  LL  LL inst   1.8  0.242 in   0.40   0.105 in
 Example
Total Deflection after Installation of Glass Partition Wall .

 total   DL inst    LL inst    DL L.T.   LL L.T.

 0.390 in  0.242 in  0.702 in  0.105 in
= 1.44 in
 after attachment   total   DL inst   1.44 in  0.105 in  1.33 in
l 35 ft  12 in/ft 
 permissible    0.875 in < 1.33 in  NO GOOD!
480 480
 Example
Check whether modifying Icr to Ie will give an acceptable
deflection:
 M cr 
3
  M cr  
3

I e midspan    I g  1     I cr
M
 a  M
  a  
 618 k-in 
3
  618 k-in 
3

   16900 in   1      4330 in   5460 in
4 4 4

 1380 k-in    1380 k-in  

 1610 k-in 
3
  1610 k-in 
3

   16900 in   1      4230 in   10800 in
4 4 4
I e support 
 2000 k-in    2000 k-in  

I e avg   0.7 I e mid   0.15  I e1  I e2 

 0.7  5460 in 4   0.15  10800 in 4  10800 in 4   7060 in 4
 Example
Adjust Deflections:
 4300 in 4 
 DL inst   0.390 in  4 
 0.238 in
 7060 in 
 4300 in 4 
Floor Beam meets
 LL inst   0.242 in  4 
 0.147 in the ACI Code
 7060 in 
Maximum
 4300 in 4 
 DL L.T.  0.702 in  4 
 0.428 in permissible
 7060 in  Deflection Criteria.
 4300 in 4 
 LL L.T.  0.105 in  4 
 0.064 in
 7060 in 
 total  0.877 in
 after attachment   total   DL inst 
 0.877 in  0.105 in  0.772 in< permissible  0.875 in  OKAY!
 Example
Part II: Check crack width @ midspan

z  fs 3 d c A

d c  d s  2.5 in
A e  2d sb  2  2.5 in   12 in   60 in 2
2
Ae 60 in
A   15 in 2
# bars 4
 Example
Assume

fs  0.6 f y  0.6  60 ksi   36 ksi  ACI 10.6.4 

z   36 ksi  3  2.5 in   15 in 2
  120 k/in < 175 k/in  OK 
For interior exposure, the crack width @ midspan is
acceptable.