Ce522-Sections Containing Slender Element

CE522
STRUCTURAL DESIGN 3
(Steel Design)
INSTRUCTOR: ENGR. PETER ADRIAN T. NGO
DESIGN OF AXIALLY-LOADED
COMPRESSION MEMBERS
SECTIONS CONTAINING SLENDER ELEMENTS
Compression sections are classified as either:
a. Nonslender element: A nonslender element is one where the width-to-thickness of its
compression elements does not exceed λr (limiting width-to-thickness ratio).
b. Slender element: A slender element is one where the width-to-thickness ratio does
exceed λr (limiting width-to-thickness ratio).
The limiting values for λr are given in the table in the next slide.
If the member is defined as a nonslender element compression member, the nominal
compressive strength is then determined based only on the limit state of flexural
buckling.
When the member is defined as a slender element compression member, the nominal
compressive strength shall be taken as the lowest value based on the limit states of
flexural buckling, torsional buckling, and flexural-torsional buckling.
DESIGN OF AXIALLY-LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS 3

CE520 – STRUCTURAL DESIGN 3 (STEEL DESIGN) 05/25/202
For I- and H-shapes, the projecting flange is where h is the distance between the roots of
considered to be an unstiffened element, and the flanges, and tw is the web thickness.
its width can be taken as half the full nominal h = d - 2kdes
width. Using NSCP notation gives:
where d is the total depth and kdes is the design
where bf and tf are the width and thickness of value of k. (Different manufacturers will
the flange. produce this shape with different values of k.
The design value is the smallest of these values.
The webs of I- and H-shapes are stiffened The detailing value is the largest.)
elements, and the stiffened width is the
distance between the roots of the flanges. The Note: For the values of kdes, please refer to AISC
width–thickness parameter is Manual since it was not stated in the ASEP
Manual.

Depending on the ranges of different width-thickness ratios for
compression elements and depending on whether the elements are
stiffened or unstiffened, the elements will buckle at different stress
situations.
For establishing width-thickness ratio limits for the elements of
compression members, the AISC Specification divides members into
three classifications, as follows: compact sections, noncompact
sections, and slender compression elements.

It is permissible to use a cross-sectional
shape that does not satisfy the width-
thickness ratio requirements, but such a
member may not be permitted to carry as
large a load as one that does satisfy the
requirements. In other words, the strength
could be reduced because of local buckling.
This applies to compression members with
slender sections.
The nominal compressive strength, Pn,
shall be determined based on the limit states
of flexural, torsional and flexural-torsional
buckling.
Pn = FcrAg

Where: • For unsymmetric members:
Fe = elastic critical buckling stress
• For doubly symmetric members:
(for flexural buckling) (flexural-torsional
buckling)
Q = reduction factor
(for torsional buckling) = 1.0 for members with compact and noncompact sections
• For singly symmetric members: (nonslender sections)
(for flexural buckling) = QsQa for members with slender-element sections
(for flexural-torsional buckling)




EXAMPLE: SOLUTION: 10-in (254 mm wall)
Determine the • Properties of HSS 14 x 10 x ¼:
allowable design Ag = 6968 mm2
strength of a 7.2-m rx = 135.89 mm
HSS 14 x 10 x ¼ ry = 105.16 mm 14-in (355.6 mm wall)
column section. The tw = 5.92 mm
base of the column is
b/t = 39.9
considered to be fixed,
h/t = 57.1
while the upper end is
assumed to be pinned.
Let Fy = 317 MPa. Use
Note: HSS 14 x 10 x ¼
the recommended properties can be found only in
value of K. AISC Manual. All data is
converted to SI units.

EXAMPLE: SOLUTION:
Determine the • Check the slenderness of the section:
allowable design
strength of a 7.2-m
HSS 14 x 10 x ¼
column section. The
assumed to be pinned. If r < width-to-thick ratio, the element of the section is slender.
Let Fy = 317 MPa. Use Otherwise, it is not slender.
the recommended
value of K. Note: See slide 9 for the b/t and h/t.

EXAMPLE: SOLUTION:
Determine the • Since the 10-in wall (254 mm) and the 14-in wall (355.6 mm) is
allowable design slender, we need to assess the effective widths and heights of the
strength of a 7.2-m walls. Note that the walls being mentioned are the elements of the
HSS 14 x 10 x ¼ section (see slide no. 8).
column section. The • The code recommends that the width and depths between the web
base of the column is toes of the fillets equal the outside dimensions -3tw.
the recommended
value of K.

EXAMPLE: SOLUTION:
Determine the • Compute the effective widths and heights of the wall:
allowable design
strength of a 7.2-m
HSS 14 x 10 x ¼
column section. The
while the upper end is Considering 10-in wall:
Let Fy = 317 MPa. Use Legs that cannot be used = 236.24 – 217.20 = 19.04 mm
the recommended
value of K.

EXAMPLE: SOLUTION:
allowable design
strength of a 7.2-m
HSS 14 x 10 x ¼
column section. The
the recommended
value of K.

EXAMPLE: SOLUTION:
allowable design
strength of a 7.2-m
HSS 14 x 10 x ¼
column section. The
the recommended
value of K.

EXAMPLE: SOLUTION:
Determine the • Compute the effective area:
allowable design Aeff = 6968 – (2)(19.04)(5.92) – (2)(100.06)(5.92) = 5557.86 mm2
strength of a 7.2-m • Solve for Q = QsQa:
HSS 14 x 10 x ¼ Qs = 1.0  Since slender elements are stiffened.
column section. The
base of the column is Q = (1.0)(0.7976) = 0.7976
considered to be fixed, • Determine Fcr:
the recommended
value of K.

EXAMPLE: SOLUTION:
Determine the • Determine Fcr:
allowable design
strength of a 7.2-m
HSS 14 x 10 x ¼
column section. The • Solve for the design strength
the recommended
value of K.

EXAMPLE: SOLUTION:
Determine the
allowable design
• Note that the answer is quite conservative.
strength of a 7.2-m To make sure that the answer is reliable, it
HSS 14 x 10 x ¼
column section. The must be Fcr = f buy using iteration.
• In the solution earlier, we used f = Fy. If we
while the upper end is solve the second iteration, we must use f =
Let Fy = 317 MPa. Use Fcr. Fcr to be used in the next iteration must
the recommended
value of K.
be the Fcr in the previous iteration. So, let’s
continue!
EXAMPLE: SOLUTION:
allowable design Let f = 215.28 MPa
strength of a 7.2-m Considering 10-in wall:
HSS 14 x 10 x ¼
column section. The Since be > b, therefore, local buckling in this wall is not existent.
considered to be fixed, Considering 14-in wall:
assumed to be pinned. Legs that cannot be used = 337.84 – 281.40 = 56.44 mm
the recommended
value of K.

EXAMPLE: SOLUTION:
allowable design Aeff = 6968 – (2)(56.44)(5.92) = 6299.75 mm2
column section. The
the recommended
value of K.

EXAMPLE: SOLUTION:
allowable design
strength of a 7.2-m
HSS 14 x 10 x ¼
column section. The
base of the column is Since f does not satisfied with the new value of Fcr, do another round
considered to be fixed, of iteration.
the recommended
value of K.

EXAMPLE: SOLUTION:
allowable design Let f = 238.34 MPa
strength of a 7.2-m Considering 10-in wall:
HSS 14 x 10 x ¼
column section. The Since be > b, therefore, local buckling in this wall is not existent.
considered to be fixed, Considering 14-in wall:
assumed to be pinned. Legs that cannot be used = 337.84 – 265.78 = 72.06 mm
the recommended
value of K.

EXAMPLE: SOLUTION:
allowable design Aeff = 6968 – (2)(72.06)(5.92) = 6114.81 mm2
column section. The
the recommended
value of K.

EXAMPLE: SOLUTION:
allowable design
strength of a 7.2-m
HSS 14 x 10 x ¼
column section. The If you observed, the assumed f in this iteration has a closer gap to the new value
base of the column is of Fcr. So, the value is somewhat acceptable and reliable.
considered to be fixed, • Solve for the design strength
the recommended
value of K.

EXAMPLE: SOLUTION:
A W21 × 101 is used as • Properties of HSS 14 x 10 x ¼:
compression member Ag = 19228 mm2
with one end fixed and d = 542.5 mm
the other end free. tw = 12.7 mm
The length is 3 meters. bf = 312.2 mm
What is the nominal tf = 20.3 mm
compressive strength if
rx =228.89 mm
Fy = 345 MPa? Use
recommended value ry = 73.27 mm
for K. kdes = 1.30 in x 25.4mm/in = 33.02 mm (this can be found only in
AISC Manual)

EXAMPLE: SOLUTION:
allowable design
strength of a 7.2-m
HSS 14 x 10 x ¼
column section. The
the recommended
value of K.

EXAMPLE: SOLUTION:
allowable design Consider flange:
strength of a 7.2-m
HSS 14 x 10 x ¼
column section. The Consider web:
the recommended
value of K.

EXAMPLE: SOLUTION:
Determine the • Compute the effective width of the web (Note: Compute the effective width
allowable design of the slender element only):
strength of a 7.2-m Let f = Fy = 345 MPa
HSS 14 x 10 x ¼
column section. The
the recommended
value of K.

EXAMPLE: SOLUTION:
A W21 × 101 is used as • Since be>b, the local buckling is not existent. Therefore, compute for F cr due to
compression member flexural buckling only.
with one end fixed and
the other end free.
The length is 3 meters.
What is the nominal • Solve for the design strength
compressive strength if
Fy = 345 MPa? Use
recommended value
for K.


Ce522-Sections Containing Slender Element

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DESIGN OF AXIALLY-LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS 3

DESIGN OF AXIALLY-LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS 4

DESIGN OF AXIALLY-LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS 5

DESIGN OF AXIALLY-LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS 7

(for flexural-torsional buckling)

DESIGN OF AXIALLY-LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS 8

DESIGN OF AXIALLY-LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS 9

DESIGN OF AXIALLY-LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS 10

DESIGN OF AXIALLY-LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS 11

DESIGN OF AXIALLY-LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS 12

DESIGN OF AXIALLY-LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS 13

DESIGN OF AXIALLY-LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS 14

DESIGN OF AXIALLY-LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS 15

DESIGN OF AXIALLY-LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS 16

DESIGN OF AXIALLY-LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS 17

DESIGN OF AXIALLY-LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS 18

DESIGN OF AXIALLY-LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS 19

DESIGN OF AXIALLY-LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS 21

DESIGN OF AXIALLY-LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS 22

DESIGN OF AXIALLY-LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS 23

DESIGN OF AXIALLY-LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS 24

DESIGN OF AXIALLY-LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS 25

DESIGN OF AXIALLY-LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS 26

DESIGN OF AXIALLY-LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS 27

DESIGN OF AXIALLY-LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS 28

DESIGN OF AXIALLY-LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS 29

DESIGN OF AXIALLY-LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS 30

DESIGN OF AXIALLY-LOADED COMPRESSION MEMBERS 31

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