SET RELATIONS AND VENN

DIAGRAM
SET RELATIONS

 We describe several types of set relations that exists between sets.

 In this lecture we will describe several operations which can be performed on sets.
SYMBOLS FOR SET RELATIONS

SYMBOLS DESCRIPTION
U UNION (Or both)
∩ INTERSECTION (In both)
⊆ SUBSET: A has some (or all) elements of B
⊂ PROPER SUBSET: A has some elements of B
⊇ SUPERSET: A has same elements as B, or more
⊃ PROPER SUPERSET: A has B's elements and more
= EQUALITY: both sets have the same members

Lets see how these relations and operations can

be visualized graphically by using the Venn Diagram
VENN DIAGRAM
VENN DIAGRAM

 Another way to look at sets is with a visual tool called a Venn diagram, first
developed by John Venn in the 1880s. In a Venn diagram, sets are represented by
shapes; usually circles or ovals. The elements of a set are labeled within the circle.
A Venn Diagram is a pictorial representation of the relationships between sets.
VENN DIAGRAM EXAMPLE
VENN DIAGRAM EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
DISJOINT SETS

Disjoint sets have no elements in common.

DISJOINT SETS

If the circles overlaps this implies that there are one or more elements
common on both sets
INTERSECTING

The intersecting arear represents elements that are members of both A and B.
INTERSECTION

The intersection of two sets is a new set that contains all of the elements that are in
both sets. The intersection is written as A∩B or “A and B”.
This collection of common elements is called the “intersection” of sets A and B
The denote set intersection by a symbol which looks like an inverted U. this collection of common
elements forms a new set.
{1,2,3} A B {2,3,4}

={2,3}
DISJOINT SETS HAVE NO COMMON
ELEMENTS THEREFORE
WRITING ITS SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
UNION OF SETS

The union of two sets is a new set that contains all of the elements that are in at
least one of the two sets. The union is written as A∪B or “A or B”.
{1,2,3} A B {2,3,4}

={1,2,3,4}
WRITING ITS SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
Super Sets and Subsets.