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 How have you changed over the
past year?

 What has caused those

changes?
 The Endocrine System
regulates, coordinates and
controls:
 Growth and development.
 Male and female development.
 How your body uses energy.
 Levels of salts and sugars in
your blood.
 The amount (volume) of fluid in
your body.
 Appetite.
 Many other body functions.
 The Endocrine
Glands are the
organs of the
Endocrine System.
 They produce and
secrete (release)
Hormones.
Hormones
 They are located all
over your body.
Gland What it Regulates
Pituitary “Master Gland” that regulates all other
Endocrine Glands, also releases growth
hormone
Thyroid Metabolism, body heat, bone growth
Parathyroids Use of Calcium and Phosphorous
Hypothalamus Links nervous system to endocrine system

Adrenal Response in emergency or stressful

situations, metabolism, blood pressure, salt
balance
Pancreas Blood sugar
Ovaries Production of eggs; female characteristics

Testes Production of sperm; male characteristics

Thymus Parts of the immune system

 The answer is
Hormones!
 Hormones are chemical
messengers that are secreted
(released) from glands into the
blood and affect cells in another
part of the body.
External stimuli Internal stimuli
by way of nerves
from the sensory by way of nerves
organs in the nervous and other hormones
system from inside the body
 Stimulus:
 You hear a loud noise

 A large dog runs toward you,

growling and barking

 You eat a large candy bar

 You have not eaten in six hours

 You have strep throat

 A chain of events occur that lead from the
stimulus to the response.
  Negative feedback means that when enough
hormone is in the body, the body stops producing
the hormone until it is needed again.

You eat. Glucose (sugar) Increased glucose is detected by receptors

in the blood increases. that notify the brain. It sends a message
to the pancreas to produce insulin.

Pancreas stops making insulin.

Insulin tells muscle and liver to take up

Blood glucose level drops as glucose from the bloodstream and use it for energy
it is removed by the cells. or store it for later. Brain reduces appetite.
Do you know where each hormone comes from, where it acts, and
what the action is? Guess first, then click each to find out.

Adrenaline
Progesterone
Testosterone

Insulin Thyroxine

Estrogen Done
 Where it comes from: Adrenal
Gland
 Where it acts: heart, blood
vessels, eyes
 What it does: stimulates heart
rate, increases blood pressure,
dilates pupils
 Causes "Adrenaline Rush”
 A 'fight and flight' hormone.
 It is released in high stress
conditions or in excitement or
fear.
 Loud noise, high temperature
etc. may also trigger its
release since these are also
high stress situations.
Return to hormones slide
• Where it comes from:
ovary (where an egg
was released)
• Where it acts: uterus
• What it does: controls
menstruation in
women and plays a
role in pregnancy.
• One of the
components of birth
control pills

Return to hormones slide

 Where it comes from:
thyroid gland
 Where it acts: most cells of
the body
 What it does: controls the
rate of metabolic processes
(how energy is used) in the
body and influences
physical development
 People may not produce
enough of this hormone and
get a condition known as
hypothyroidism. They can
take thyroxine to treat this
condition. Return to hormones slide
 Where it comes from: testicles
 Where it acts: body-hair cells,
muscle, reproductive structures
 What it does: stimulates
development of male sexual
characteristics
 Testosterone is a steroid and has
been administered to athletes in
order to improve performance.
This is considered to be a form of
doping in most sports and is a
very dangerous practice.
 Females also produce small
amounts of testosterone in their
ovaries that affect muscle
development and other body
functions. Return to hormones slide
 Where it comes from: ovary
 Where it acts: breast tissue,
reproductive structures in
female
 What it does: stimulates
development of female
sexual characteristics
 Estrogen levels may be
related somehow to
migraine headaches in
women.

Return to hormones slide

 Where it comes from:
Insulin is produced in the
pancreas
 Where it acts: liver,
muscle, and fat tissue
 What it does: Insulin
causes cells to take up
glucose (sugar) from the
blood, storing it in the
liver and muscle, and
stopping use of fat as an
energy source.
 Problems with insulin
production or use in the
body can lead to
diabetes. Return to hormones slide
 What are the functions of the Endocrine
System?
 Name 5 Endocrine Glands and what they do.
 What are hormones?
 How do hormones work?
 Name some hormones and what they do.
 At what times in your life do you think your
Endocrine System is most active?