Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
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What is a computer?
n electronic machine,
operating under the
control of instructions
stored in its own memory
½ accepts data
½ manipulates the data
according to specified
rules
½ produces results
½ stores the results for
future use
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Information
Data that is
organized,
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meaningful,
and useful
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Who is a user?
ë
ë
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Hardware
The electric,
electronic, and ëoftware
mechanical equipment
The series of
that makes up a
instructions that
computer
tells the hardware
how to perform
tasks
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Process
What is the Input Manipulate the
information ny data or input (data) to
instructions you produce output
processing enter into a (information)
computer
cycle?
Output
Communication Data that has
The capability of been processed
communicating
ëtorage into information
with other rea in a
computers computer that
can hold data
Next and information
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What are common computer hardware components?
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What is an input device?
ny hardware component that allows a user to
enter data and instructions into a computer
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What is an output device?
ny hardware component that can convey
information to a user
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What is the system unit ?
ëometimes called a CD-RW CD-ROM
chassis drive or DVD-
box-like case made ROM
Zip®
from metal or plastic drive
disk
that protects the drive floppy
internal electronic disk
hard
components of the disk
drive
computer from damage drive
Circuitry in the system
unit usually is part of
or is connected to a
circuit board called the
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motherboard
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What are two main components on the
motherboard?
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
½ lso called a processor
½ Electronic device that interprets
and carries out the basic
instructions that operate the
computer
Memory
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½ Temporary holding place for data
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and instructions
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What is a chip?
n electronic device that contains many
microscopic pathways that carry electrical currents
Usually no
bigger than memory
one-half inch chip
square
Packaged so it processor chip
can be packaging
attached to a
motherboard
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What are internal components and external
devices?
Internal
Component External Device
Resides inside the lso called a
system unit peripheral
ttaches to the
system unit
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What is storage?
Holds data, instructions, and information for future use
ëtorage Device
CD-ROM or
DVD-ROM
CD-RW drive drive
ZIP® drive
hard disk
drive floppy
disk
drive
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What is a floppy disk?
thin, circular,
flexible disk enclosed
in a plastic shell
Insert and remove a
floppy disk into and
from a floppy disk
drive
Zip® disk is a
higher capacity disk
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What is a hard disk?
Consists of several self-contained
hard disk
circular platters that
store items electronically
Disks are enclosed in an
airtight, sealed case,
which often is housed
inside the system unit
Provides much greater
storage capacity than a
floppy disk
ëome hard disks are
removable
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hard disk
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What is a compact disc?
flat, round portable
medium that stores data
using microscopic pits,
which are created by a
laser light
½ CD-ROM
½ CD-RW
rewriteable CD
½ DVD-ROM
tremendous storage
capacities
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What is miniature storage media?
Used in devices such as digital cameras
One popular type is called a card
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What is a communications device?
Enables computer users to communicate and to
exchange items such as data, instructions, and
information with another computer
llows you to establish a connection between two
computers and transmit items over transmission
media, such as cables,
telephone lines,
or satellites
One type is a
modem
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What characteristics make a computer powerful?
ëtorage ëpeed
Reliability
Enormous amounts of Billions of
data can be stored and Dependable because operations can
components have a be carried out
made available for
low failure rate so in a single
processing anytime it is second
needed they produce
consistent results
ccuracy
ommunications
If data is entered correctly
and program works properly, wo connected
the results are error-free ² computers can share
garbage in, garbage out stored data, instructions,
Next (GIGO) accuracy of output and information
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input
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What is a network?
Two or more
computers
connected
together via
communications
media and devices
The most widely
known network is
the Internet
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Bill Gates
Microsoft¶s chairman
and chief software
architect
Co-founded Microsoft in
1975
Regarded as the most
powerful person in the
computer industry
Consistently anticipates
technological
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developments and
' (
customer needs
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llows you
Uses data in Displays Compares
to input data
memory in information values stored
and stores it
calculations on monitor in memory
in memory
Directs
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computer to Prints a ëtores
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% perform report information
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operations
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What happens when you run a program from a CD-
ROM?
ëtep 1 ëtep 2
ëtep 1: Insert the
CD-ROM that
contains
ëtep 2: If the
program into
necessary, the
install
CD-ROM
the programdrive.
on
ëtep 3: The
the hard disk.
program
Then instruct the
executes and the
computer to run
screen displays
the program.
graphics that
Instructions
allow you to
transfer from the
create a greeting
CD-ROM or hard
card.
disk to memory.
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ëtep 3
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Operating ëystem
(Oë) Utility program
ëet of programs Type of system
containing instructions software that performs
that coordinate all the a specific task, usually
activities among related to managing a
computer hardware computer, its devices,
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devices or its programs
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ëuite
Collection of popular
individual software
Word applications bundled together
processing as a single unit Presentation
software graphics
software
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ëpreadsheet Database
software software
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*
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What is packaged
software?
Copyrighted
retail software
that meets the
needs of a
wide variety
of users
Purchase
from stores or
companies on
the Internet
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How are programs written?
Programmers use a programming language
to write computer programs
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What is a network?
Collection of computers and devices connected together
via communications devices and media
When your computer connects to a network you are
online
½ Modem ½ Cables
½ Telephone lines
½ Cellular radio
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½ ëatellites
3
What are the reasons to network?
Hardware
To share To save
devices
resources time and
money
ëoftware
programs Information
Data
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What is a local area network (LN)?
network that
connects
computers in a
limited
geographic
area such as a
school
computer
laboratory,
office or group
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3
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3
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Entertainment
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Web browser
Web site
Program used to
Collection of
Web page access and view
related Web
Web pages
pages Contains text,
graphics, sound, or
video and has
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Web pages
3
How do you connect ëtep 1
to the Internet and
display a Web page?
ëtep 1 : Use
your computer
ëtep 2 : Web
to make
ëtep a local
4 : The
browser such
telephone
Web
ëtep browser call
3 : Enter ëtep 2
as Internet
to an
locates
the online
address
the of
Explorer
service
Web
the Web
site for
site
displays a Web
you
the
page wish
entered to
on your
visit
address
screen and
displays a
Web page on
your screen ëtep 4
Next ëtep 3
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Contains at least
Microprocessor
Two major
½ One Input The single chip categories
device
that performs
½ Desktop
½ One output all the
device processing ½ Notebook
functions on a
½ One storage personal
device
computer
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½ Memory
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½ processor
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The PC and compatibles use the
Windows operating system
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Gateway
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How do you input data with a
handheld computer?
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What is WebTV?
n Internet
appliance in the
form of a set-top
box
ëits on top of or
next to a
television set
and allows you
to access the
Internet on the
TV
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What is a mid-range
server?
More powerful and
larger than a
workstation computer
ëupports up to 4,000
users
Often connected via a
personal computer or
terminal
Once known as a
Next minicomputer
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What is a terminal?
ëometimes called
dumb terminals
Device with a
½ No processing
monitor and power
keyboard used ½ Cannot stand alone
to access a ½ Must be connected
server to a server to
operate
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What is a mainframe?
Large, expensive,
very powerful
computer
Can handle
hundreds or
thousands of
connected users
simultaneously
ëtores
tremendous
amounts of data,
instructions, and
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information
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International Business
Machines (IBM)
Incorporated in 1911
The first family of
computers with
interchangeable software
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and peripherals
'.
World¶s largest
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company
What is a supercomputer?
Fastest, most powerful computer
ble to
process
more than 12
trillion
instructions
per second
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What is an information 1. Hardware
1. Hardware
system?
4b. People
4b. People (users)
(users) 4a.
4a. People
People (IT
(IT personnel)
personnel)
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Idea that you can separate
people of the world into
two distinct groups
½ Those who have
access to technology
with the ability to use it
½ Those who do not
have access to
technology or are
without the ability to
use it
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ëhawn Fanning
s a 19-year-old
freshman
computer science
major, he
developed the
Napster software
and company
Pioneering file-
sharing concept
has implications
for all copyrighted
digital information
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What is a kiosk?
freestanding computer
Usually has multimedia
capability and a touch
screen
Used by a large business
to provide information to
the public
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What is telecommuting?
work
arrangement in
which employees
work away from a
company¶s
standard
workplace
Often
communicate with
the office using
some
communications
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one application
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What is Web publishing?
Making a Web page available on the Internet
few reasons to publish Web pages
½ Provide family
information
½ Provide information
about business
½ Provide a resume
online
½ Provide online courses
called distance-
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What are other ways to use the Web?
Photo communities
½ llow you to create an online photo album
Electronic storefronts
½ llow a small
business to advertise
and take orders
directly at a Web site
Communicate with
others
½ E-mail
½ Chat rooms
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½ Instant messaging
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The digital revolution
What is a computer?
The components of a computer
Why is a computer so powerful?
Computer software
Networks and the Internet
Categories of computers
Personal computers
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Handheld computers
Internet appliances
Mid-range servers
Mainframes
ëupercomputers
Elements of an information system
Examples of computer usage
Computer user as a Web publisher
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