Induction Motor

TOYOTA AC DRIVE SYSTEM

Induction Motor
 7FB AC Induction Motor
Rotor Stator coil
Drive unit case
Rotary sensor

Stator core

Temperature
sensor
Structure of Rotor Core

End ring

Aluminum
conductor
End ring bar

Cage Rotor
Comparison with DC motor
AC Induction Motor DC Series Motor

Field coil Brushes

Stator core Stator coil
Field core commutator

Rotor Armature

Brushes and commutator are not used on AC motor.

　　　 (Compact and maintenance-free) 　
Structure of AC induction motor
AC induction motor has no brushes, commutator and the sliding portion
as opposed to the conventional DC motor.
Consequently it has the following characteristics:
1. For the same output, the motor dimensions can be reduced by the p
ortion L for the brushes and commutator.
2. For the same motor dimensions, core dimensions can be increased by
the portion L, subsequently increasing the output.
3. Smaller number of parts and no sliding portion make the motor high
ly reliable.
An optimum AC induction motor has been developed for new models by
incorporating these characteristics.
 Motor
Reduction
Model
Drive Pump PS gear ratio

７．６ｋｗ ９．５ｋｗ ０．９ｋｗ ２５．２４７

1 ton series
（６．６） （６．２） （０．４） （ 20.766)

１０．７ｋｗ １２．２ｋｗ １．０ｋｗ ２５．２４７

2 ton series
（８．１） （９．６） （０．５） （ 15.929)

１１．９ｋｗ １４．４ｋｗ １．２ｋｗ ３５．３０７

3 ton series
（９．７） （１２．６） （０．７５） （ 20.766)

( ) shows B500 STD model.

How the cage rotor rotates.
 Ｎ
Watch this
Ｎ conductor.
Eye point

Ｓ Ｓ
Magnets turn clockwise,

Ｓ
This means conductor turns
counter-clockwise.
Ｎ

Ｓ
 Direction of Movement

Ｓ
Ｎ

Direction of
Magnetic flux
Ｎ

When a conductor is moved,

Ｎ

A current flows through the

conductor.
Fleming’s right-hand rule
(For Generator)
Magnetic flux
Current Movement
 According to Fleming’s right-hand
rule, a current flows as shown.

Movement Magnetic Flux Current

Ｓ
 When a current flows, a conductor receives
the force from a magnetic field as shown.

Current

Force
M. flux Ｓ
Ｎ
Fleming’s left-hand rule (For Motor)

Force
Magnetic flux

Current
As the result of current flow, a
force acts on the conductor as
shown. (Fleming’s left-hand rule)

Ｎ
Force
Current
Magnetic flux

Ｓ
Ｎ
Force

Ｓ
When magnets rotate clockwise,

Slow Fast

Ｓ The rotor rotates

clockwise, too.
 Rotary Magnetic Field
How to revolve the magnetic field
like a revolving magnet.
When 3 phase alternating current flows
through 3 stator coils,

Ｖ
Current
Time (t)
ｔ１
Ｕ Ｖ Ｗ
(ｉ)

ー Ｗ

＋
Ｕ
Eye position
Ｖ
ー
Ampere’s rule of the right-hand screw

Current
Magnetic
Field
Magnetic
Field

Current
Ｓ

Ｎ
Current
Time (t)
ｔ１ ｔ２ ｔ３ ｔ４
Ｕ Ｖ Ｗ
(ｉ)

1 cycle

Ｓ Ｓ

Ｎ
Ｎ

Ｓ
Ｓ

Ｎ Ｎ
Same as t1
Current Shortening this period will result
faster motor speed. Time (t)
ｔ１ ｔ２ ｔ３ ｔ４
(ｉ)

Motor speed can be controlled

by changing the AC frequency.
Ｓ Ｓ

Ｎ
Ｎ

Ｓ
Ｓ

Ｎ Ｎ
Actual motor consists of 6 coils (3 pairs).
Ｗ

Ｖ
Ｕ

Ｕ
Ｖ

Ｗ
Current
Time (t)
ｔ１
Ｕ Ｖ Ｗ
(ｉ)

ー
ー ＋

ー ー
 6 coils form 4 poles.
Ｓ

Ｎ Ｎ

Ｓ
 Current
Poles revolve 1/2 turn during 1 cycle. Time (t)
ｔ１ ｔ２ ｔ３ ｔ４
1 cycle
(ｉ)

Ｎ Ｎ

Ｎ
Current Reversing AC motor rotation can be performed by
replacing 2 phases connections out of 3 phases.
ｔ１ ｔ２ ｔ３ ｔ４
Ｕ Ｖ Ｗ
(ｉ
)

Ｎ Ｎ

Ｎ
“N” rotating
clockwise.
Current
Replaced
Time (t)
ｔ１ ｔ２ ｔ３ ｔ４
Ｕ Ｗ Ｖ
(ｉ
)

Ｎ
“N” rotation changed Ｎ
to counter-clockwise. Ｎ
Rotating Magnetic Flux Field in Stator
 Characteristic of Induction motor

Characteristics of Induction motor are mainly

determined by the slip rate.
Slip rate 　 ：　Ｓ　（％）
Rotary magnetic field speed 　：　Ｎｓ（ｒｐｍ）
Rotor speed 　　 ：　Ｎ （ｒｐｍ）

Ｎｓ　ー　Ｎ
Ｓ　＝ × １００
Ｎｓ
INDUCTION MOTOR CHARACTERISTIC CURVES

I : Current
η : Efficiency
T : Torque

COSφ : Power factor

Normal operation

S=100%
Slip rate S=0
Induction Motor Speed-Torque Characteristics operated by AC Line
Regulating Speed under varying load
Relationship between Stator Current, Voltage, Slip and Torque
Driving Torque – Speed Characteristics Powered by AC Driver
Output Power Limiting for Over-temperature
Braking Torque – Speed Curve Powered by AC Driver
Controlling Speed, Braking and Direction Change
Control Modes
 Rotor Stator coil
Drive unit case
Rotary sensor

Stator core

Temp. sensor

Slip speed is controlled by the feedback

data from the rotary sensor.
Motor output characteristics
AC motor max. output

AC motor drive
Torque

system output
characteristic
DC motor drive
System output
Characteristic
(max. output)

回転数
rpm
Speed-Torque Curves gf DC Motor and Similar Size AC Induction Motor
Regenerative Braking

・ Brake pedal depressed

・ Switch back
・ Accelerator off
Normal traveling
Rotary magnetic Ｎ
field is rotating Fast
faster than Rotor at
certain slip rate.
Slow

Ｓ
At regenerative braking
Forcibly make Slow
Ｎ
Rotary magnetic
field speed slower
than the rotor
speed. Fast

Ｓ
At regenerative braking

This means a Ｎ
conductor moves
clockwise in the
magnetic field.

Ｓ
Ｓ
Ｎ

Magnetic flux
Movement
According to Fleming’s right-hand rule,
a current flows in a rotor as shown.

Movement
Magnetic flux Current

Ｓ
As the result of current flow, a force acts on the
rotor as shown. (Fleming’s left-hand rule)

Ｎ
Force Magnetic flux Current

Ｓ
 This force opposes to the rotation of the rotor resulting a
braking force applied on the rotor.

Rotor rotating direction

Force

Ｓ
At regenerative braking

ＴＭ１ ＴＭ３ ＴＭ５

Ｖ Ｗ
ＴＭ２ ＴＭ４ ＴＭ６

The regenerative current flows back to the battery through

Current Flow during Regeneration
END