DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES

Prepared by: Krissette Grace F. Campilan

Gross Motor (Cephalocaudal)
Neonate HEAD LAG
Two Months Lifts head on prone
Three Months Lifts head and chest on prone position
Four Months Grasp, stepping, tonic neck reflexes fades
Five Months Turns front to back
Six Months ROLLS OVER
Seven Months SITS WITH SUPPORT
Eight Months SITS WITHOUT SUPPORT
Nine Months CREEPS OR CRAWLS
Ten Months Pulls self to standing position
Eleven Months Cruises (walks with support)
Twelve Months Stands alone
FIRS STEP
1 month - HEAD LAG 6 mo. – ROLL OVER

2 mo. – LIFT HEAD

9 mo. - CRAWL
8 mo. – SIT WITHOUT
SUPPORT

3 mo. – LIFT HEAD AND 11 mo. – WALK W/

CHEST SUPPORT
Gross Motor (Cephalocaudal)
15 Months WALKS ALONE WELL
Seat self in chair
18 Months Run and jump in place
2 years Walks up stairs alone with both feet on same step
at the same time
2 ½ years Jump down from chairs
3 years GOES UP STAIRS ALTERNATELY
Rides tricycle
4 years Constantly in motion
Jumps; skips
5 years Throws over hand
 2 yrs – BOTH FEET,
SAME STEP

15 mo. – WALKS
ALONE WELL

15 mo. – SEAT IN CHAIR

3 yrs. – GOES UP,

ALTERNATE 4 yrs. – CONSTANTLY IN MOTION
Fine Motor (Proximodistal)
Neonate KEEPS HANDS FISTED
FOLLOW OBJECT TO MIDLINE
Two Months Hands held open
Three Months Follows object past midline
Four Months BRINGS HANDS TOGETHER
Five Months
Six Months Holds bottle with 2 hands, (palmar grasp)
Seven Months Transfers objects hand to hand
Eight Months
Nine Months
Ten Months PINCER GRASP – to pick up small objects
Eleven Months
Twelve Months Holds cup and spoon well
1 mo. – HANDS FISTED 4 mos. – HANDS
TOGETHER

2 mo. – HANDS OPEN

10 mo. – PINCER
GRASP

6 mo. – HOLDS BOTTLE

W/ 2 HANDS
Fine Motor (Proximodistal)
15 Months Puts small pellets into small boxes
SCRIBBLES with a pencil or crayon
18 Months
2 years Can open doors by turning doorknobs
2 ½ years Makes simple lines or strokes with pencil
3 years DRAW CIRCLES
Undresses self
4 years COPIES SQUARES
Do simple buttons
5 years TIES SHOE LACE
15 mo. – SCRIBBLES

2 yrs – OPEN DOORS

3 yrs. – COPIES 4 yrs. –COPIES

CIRCLE SQUARES

5 yrs. – TIES SHOE

LACE
 Language (Simple to Complex)
Neonate CRY
Two Months
Three Months Cooing sound
DIFFERENTIAL CRYING
Four Months LAUGHS out loud
Five Months
Six Months May say vowel sounds (oh-oh)
Seven Months
Eight Months
Nine Months FIRST WORD – (mama or dada)
Ten Months Understands “NO”
RESPONDS TO OWN NAME
 Language (Simple to Complex)
Eleven Months
Twelve Months Says TWO WORDS plus ma-ma and da-da
15 Months 4 – 6 words
18 Months Uses phrases
2 years 2- word sentences (“Me come”, “Mama go”)
2 ½ years KNOWS FULL NAME
Holds fingers to show age
3 years Vocabulary of 900 words
4 years Vocabulary of 1,500 words
5 years TALKS CONSTANTLY
 Socialization
Neonate Enjoys WATCHING HUMAN FACE
Two Months SOCIAL SMILE
Three Months Recognizes the mother
Four Months Needs space to turn
Five Months Handles rattles well
Six Months RUBBER RING FOR TEETHING
Seven Months FEAR STRANGERS
Eight Months Ability to IDENTIFY STRANGERS
Nine Months Needs space for creeping
Ten Months PLAYS PEEK-A-BOO
Eleven Months “CRUISES”
Twelve Months Nursery rhymes
 Socialization
15 Months DROPS TOYS for adults to recover (explore
permanence)

18 Months IMITATES HOUSEHOLD CHORES

2 years PARALLEL PLAY
2 ½ years Imitate parent’s actions
3 years Knows family name, sings simple songs, knows own
sex

4 years Knows how old he is, names colors

5 years Knows relatives, aunts, uncles, cousins
 DEVELOPMENTAL
CHARACTERISTICS
A. Infant
 1. Physical
 a. Height increases by ¾ inch per month.
 b. Weight is doubled at 5 to 6 months and
tripled at 12 months.
 c. At birth, head circumference is 2 to 3 cm
more than chest circumference.
 d. By 1 to 2 years of age, head circumference
and chest circumference are equal.
 e. Anterior fontanel (soft and flat in a normal
infant) closes by 12 to 18 months of age.
 f. Posterior fontanel (soft and flat in a normal
infant) closes by end of the second month.
 g. Infant has 10 upper and 10 lower deciduous
teeth by 2½ years of age.
 h. Lower central incisors are present by 6 to 8
months.
 i. Sleep patterns vary among infants; generally,
by 3 to 4 months
 of age, most infants have developed a nocturnal
pattern of sleep that lasts 9 to 11 hours.
Nutrition
a. The infant may breast-feed or bottle-feed, depending
on
the mother's choice; however, human milk is the
preferred
form of nutrition for all infants, especially during the
first 6 months.
b. Infants should remain on human milk or iron-
fortified formula
for the first year of life.
c. Iron stores from birth are depleted by 4 months of
age.
d. Whole milk should not be introduced to infants until
after 1
 year of age.
e. Skim and low-fat milk should not be given prior to
age 2 years
 because the essential fatty acids are inadequate
and the solute concentrations of protein and
electrolytes are too high.
f. Fluoride supplementation may be needed at about 6
months of
 age, depending on the infant's intake of fluoridated
tap water.
g. Solid foods are introduced at 5 to 6 months of age;
introduce
 solid foods one at a time, usually at intervals of 4
to 5 days, to identify food allergens.
 j. Avoid
h. Sequence
microwaving
of introduction
baby bottles
of solidand
foods
babyis food.
as follows: rice
 cereal;
k. Neverfruits
mixandfoodvegetables,
or medications
starting
with
with
formula.
yellow and then
 green;
l. Avoidmeats;
adding andhoney
then toegg
formula,
yolks, avoiding
water, or egg
other
whites
fluid to
 (introduce
prevent botulism.
egg white toward the end of the first year); cheese
 mayOffer
m. be used
fruitasjuice
a substitute
from a cupfor (12
meattoand
13 months
as a finger
or atfood.
a prescribed
 i. Avoid
age) rather
solid
thanfoods
a bottle
that to
place
prevent
the infant
nursing
at risk
(bottle-mouth)
for choking, such
 as nuts,fruit
caries; foodsjuice
withis seeds,
limitedraisins,
becausepopcorn,
of its high
grapes,
sugarandcontent.
hot dog
 pieces.
1-YEAR-OLD
Vital Signs: Newborn
INFANT and
 Temperature:
1-Year-Old Infant
Axillary, 97° to 99° F
 Apical
NEWBORN rate: 90 to 130 beats/min
 Respirations:
Temperature: Axillary,
20 to 40 breaths/min
97.9° to 98° F
 Blood
Apical pressure:
rate: 120 90/56
to 140mm
beats/min
Hg
 Respirations: 30 to 60 (average 40) breaths/min

 Blood pressure: 73/55 mm Hg

Play Safety
 a. Solitary
 a. Parents must baby-proof the home.
 b. Birth to 3 months: Verbal, visual, and
 b. Guard the infant when on a bed or
tactile stimuli changing table.
 c. 4 to 6 months: Initiation of actions and
 c. Use gates to protect the infant from stairs.
recognition of new  d. Never shake an infant.
 experiences  e. Be sure that bath water is not hot; do not
 d. 6 to 12 months: Awareness of self, leave the infant unattended in the bath.
imitation, repetition of  f. Do not hold the infant while drinking or
 pleasurable actions working near hot liquids.
 e. Enjoyment of soft stuffed animals, crib
 g. Cool vaporizers should be used if needed,
mobiles with instead of steam, to
 contrasting colors, squeeze toys, rattles,
 prevent burn injuries.
musical toys, water  h. Avoid offering food that is round and
 toys during the bath, large picture books, and similar to the size of the airway to prevent
push toys after choking.
 he or she begins to walk
 i. Be sure toys have no small pieces.
 j. Toys or mobiles hanging over the crib
should be well out of reach to prevent
strangulation.
 k. Avoid placing large toys in the crib because an older infant
 may use them as steps to climb.
 l. Cribs should be positioned away from curtains and blind cords.
 m. Cover electrical outlets.
 n. Remove hazardous objects from low, reachable places.
 o. Remove chemicals, medications, poisons, and plants from the
 infant's reach.
The infant rides facing the rear of the vehicle, ideally
in the middle of the back seat. The infant seat is
secured to the vehicle with the seat belt(s), and
straps on the car seat adjust to accommodate the
growing baby. The smaller infant will need a rolled
blanket to prevent excess head movement
 p. Keep the poison control number available.
 q.Infants
r. Infantsare
should rideininthe
placed a car
backin seat
a semireclined,
of the car inrear-facing
their safety seat;
 position
the infantincould
an infant-only
be seriously seatinjured
or a convertible seatisuntil
if the air bag they in
released
 weigh
the at least side
passenger 20 lbofand
thehave
frontreached at least
seat because 1 year of age
rear-facing (convertible
safety
 seats
seats can be used
extend closerear-facing for infants and then converted to a
to the dashboard.
forward-facing position once the child is old enough and big enough to
do so safely; Fig. 33-1).