PRESENTATION

ON
NETWORKING
CONCEPTS
 ADVANTAGES OF
NETWORKING
NETWORKING
 A network is a set of devices (often referred
to as nodes) connected by communication
links. A node can be a computer, printer, or Efficient use of
any other device capable of sending and/or storage media
receiving data generated by other nodes on Preserving
the network. information
 On this network a central computer (server),
acts as the storage location for files and Reduce hardware cost
applications that are shared on the network.
 Servers store and send data to other
Efficient
computers and also control the network
access of the other computers which are
referred to as the ‘client’ computers. Redundancy
 Clients are computers that receive and use
data from servers.
 NETWORKING COMPONENTS
●
It connects the computer to the special
device called switch, which in turn
●
To connect the computers
links all of the computers on the and other peripheral
network together. Each computer on a
network must have this card. devices to each other.

NETWORK CARD NETWORKING CABLE

●
Used for data transfer from
one computer network to
another network through
telephone lines.

MODEM

●
Used to connect multiple
devices which need to be
connected to each other in a
network.

HUBS AND SWITCHES

 TYPES OF NETWORKS
WAN(wide
LAN(local
PAN(personal
MAN(metropolit
an area
area
area network)
network)
network)
 PAN
A personal area network
(PAN) is a computer network
for interconnecting devices
centered on an individual
person's workspace.
A
PAN provides data
transmission amongst devices
such as computers,
smartphones, tablets and
personal digital assistants.
LAN
 It is a computer network
covering small areas like a
home, office, schools etc.
 Simple LAN can consist of a
Personal computer and a
printer. Can connect several
computers together.
 Usually fast. Can be either
wired or wireless. Lower cost.
A LAN is limited in size.
 MAN
 It is a computer network
covering a large area like a
campus, corporate offices or
a city.
 Used as the interconnection
of several local area
networks.
 High speed network and
allows sharing of multiple
resources.
WAN
 It connects LAN and MAN
together and covers a large
geographical area.
 This network may be located
throughout a country or a
continent or even around the
world.
 High speed.
NETWORKING ARCHITECTURE

CLIENT A computer network in which one centralized,

●

powerful computer (called the server) is a hub to

SERVER which many less powerful personal computers or

workstations (called clients) are connected. The
clients run programs and access data that are stored
NETWORK on the server.

PEER-TO- In its simplest form, a peer-to-peer (P2P) network

●

is created when two or more PCs are connected and

PEER share resources without going through a separate

server computer. A P2P network can be an ad hoc
connection—a couple of computers connected via a
NETWORK Universal Serial Bus to transfer files.
 NETWORK TOPOLOGIES

POINT
TO BUS STAR RING TREE MESH
POINT TOPOLO TOPOLO TOPOLO TOPOLO TOPOLO
TOPOLO GY GY GY GY GY
GY
 POINT TO POINT TOPOLOGY
 The simplest topology is a
permanent link between two
endpoints. Switched point-to-
point topologies are the basic
model of conventional
telephony.
 The value of a permanent
point-to-point network is the
value of guaranteed, or nearly
so, communications between
the two endpoints.
Advantages
 Simplest layout for any network.
 Easy to visualize.
 Easy to set up and maintain.
Disadvantages
 It can only support two nodes.
 If either of the nodes stop
working, information cannot be
sent across the network.
 This can be both time
consuming and costly.
 BUS TOPOLOGY

 Single cable connects all network

nodes without intervening Advantages
connectivity devices  Works well for small networks
 Devices share responsibility for  Relatively inexpensive to
getting data from one point to implement
another  Easy to add to it
 Terminators stop signals after
reaching end of wire Disadvantages
 Inexpensive, not very scalable
 Management costs can be high
 Difficult to troubleshoot, not fault-
 Potential for congestion with
tolerant network traffic
 STAR TOPOLOGY

 Every node on the network is

connected through a central device Advantages
 Any single cable connects only two
 Good option for modern networks
devices  Low startup costs
 Cabling problems affect two  Easy to manage
nodes at most  Offers opportunities for expansion
 Requires more cabling than ring or bus  Most popular topology in use; wide
networks
variety of equipment available
 More fault-tolerant
Disadvantages
 Easily moved, isolated, or
interconnected with other networks
 Hub is a single point of failure
 Scalable  Requires more cable than the bus
 Supports max of 1024 addressable
nodes on logical network.
 RING TOPOLOGY
 Each node is connected to the
two nearest nodes so the entire
network forms a circle
 One method for passing data
on ring networks is token
passing.
 Token contains a piece of
information which along
with data is sent by the
source computer.
ADVANTAGES
 Easier to manage; easier to locate a defective node
 Well-suited for transmitting signals over long
distances on a LAN
 Handles high-volume network traffic
 Enables reliable communication
DISADVANTAGES
 Expensive
 Requires more cable and network equipment at
the start
 Not used as widely as bus topology
 Fewer equipment options
 Fewer options for expansion to high-speed
communication
 TREE TOPOLOGY

 It can be implemented in Advantages

hierarchical arrangements of  Expansion of Network is possible and very easy.
multiple stars.  Error detection and correction is easy.
 It can be scaled up by  Each segment is provided with dedicated point-to-
point wiring to the central hub.
interconnecting multiple rings in a
 If one segment is damaged, other segments are not
hierarchical fashion. affected.
 User station and server Disadvantages
connectivity can be provided by as  Because of its basic structure, tree topology, relies
many limited size rings as are heavily on the main bus cable, if it breaks whole
necessary to provide the required network is crippled.

level of performance.  Maintenance becomes difficult.

 It is also known as Hierarchical

 Scalability of the network depends on the type of
cable used.
stars.
 MESH TOPOLOGY
User Location A

T1
T1

T1
T1

T1 T1 User Location C
User Location B

 This topology features the ultimate User Location D

reliability and fault tolerance

Advantages
 Minimizes the number of hops
 Every networked node is directly
connected to every other networked node between any two network-
 Redundant routes to each location are connected machines.
plentiful, hence static routing impractical.  Can be built with virtually any
 Use dynamic routing protocols transmission technology.
 One application would be to provide Disadvantages
interconnectivity for a limited number of  These WANs can be fairly
routers that require high network
availability expensive to build.
 A finite (although substantial)
 Another potential application is to fully
mesh just parts of the WAN, such as the limit on the scalability of the
backbone of a multitier WAN or tightly network.
coupled work centers
Presented By:-