DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Objective: Set network configuration in a desktop PC
What is STATIC IP address?
• A static Internet Protocol (IP) address (static IP
address) is a permanent number assigned to a
computer by an Internet service provider (ISP).
• This means that a computer with an assigned static
IP address uses the same IP address when
connecting to the Internet.
What is DYNAMIC IP address?
• A dynamic Internet Protocol address (dynamic IP
address) is a temporary IP address that is assigned
to a computing device or node when it's connected
to a network.
• A dynamic IP address is an automatically configured
IP address assigned by a DHCP server to every new
network node.
What is DHCP?
• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a protocol for
assigning dynamic IP addresses to devices on a network.
With dynamic addressing, a device can have a different IP
address every time it connects to the network. In some
systems, the device's IP address can even change while it is
still connected.
• DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a protocol
used to provide quick, automatic, and central management
for the distribution of IP addresses within a network. DHCP is
also used to configure the proper subnet mask, default
gateway, and DNS server information on the device.
How DHCP operates?
DHCP works by leasing IP addresses and IP information to
network clients for a period of time. For the lease to happen, the
following negotiation process occurs:
1. During the boot process, a client computer that is configured as a
DHCP client sends out a broadcast packet called DHCPDISCOVER. This
Discover packet contains the client’s computer name and Media
Access Control (MAC) address so the DHCP servers can respond to it.
Basically, the Discover packet says, “I’m looking for a DHCP server who
can lease an IP address.”
2. DHCP servers on the network respond to the broadcast with a
DHCPOFFER. In essence, the DHCPOFFER says, “I am a DHCP server
and I have a lease for you.” If several DHCP servers respond to the
request, the client accepts the first offer that it receives.
How DHCP operates? (continued)
3. The client responds via a broadcast message called a DHCPREQUEST.
This message basically says, “I accept your lease offer and would like
an IP address.” If other DHCP servers made offers, they also see their
lease offers were not accepted by the broadcast message, so they
rescind their offers. (They must not like getting snubbed by a client
computer.)
4. The DHCP server whose offer was accepted responds with a
DHCPACK message, which acknowledges the lease acceptance and
contains the client’s IP address lease as well as other IP addressing
information that you configure the server to provide. The client is
now a TCP/IP client and can participate on the network.
 Keep in mind that a lease is for a period of time.
 Typically, a client can keep its IP address for several days (or
whatever you configure). When half the lease time expires,
the client attempts to renew its lease for the IP address.
After a client obtains the lease for an IP address, it attempts
to keep the lease by renewing it over and over. If
unsuccessful, the client simply must get a new IP address
lease.
DHCP Terms and what It Means
• Scope - A full range of IP addresses that can be leased from a particular DHCP
server.
• Superscope - A grouping of scopes used to support logical IP subnets that exist on
one physical IP subnet (called a multinet).
• Multicast Scope - A scope that contains multicast IP addresses, which treat
multicast clients as a group. Multicast is an extension of DHCP and uses a multicast
address range of 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255.
• Address Pool - The IP addresses in a scope that are available for lease.
• Exclusion Range - A group of IP address in the scope that are excluded from leasing.
Excluded addresses are normally used to give hardware devices, such as routers, a
static IP address.
• Reservation - A means for assigning a permanent IP address to a particular client,
server, or hardware device. Reservations are typically made for servers or hardware
devices that need a static IP address.
• Lease - The amount of time that a client may use an IP address before the client
must re-lease the IP address or request another one.
DHCP Setup
• Setup a DHCP server
• Setup a DHCP client
Testing/verifying a connection
• PING utility - Ping is a computer network administration
software utility used to test the reachability of a host on an
Internet Protocol (IP) network.
• Ping measures the round-trip time for messages sent from the
originating host to a destination computer that are echoed back to
the source.
• IPCONFIG utility - is a command line tool used to control the
network connections on Windows NT/2000/XP machines.
• Ipconfig displays all current TCP/IP network configuration values and
refreshes Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and Domain
Name System (DNS) settings.
Evaluation:
1. __________ is a protocol used to provide quick, automatic,
and central management for the distribution of IP addresses
within a network.
2. __________ is manually assigned permanent IP address to a
client.
3. A __________ address is an automatically configured IP
address assigned by a DHCP server to every new network
node.
4. The amount of time that a client may use an IP address
before the client must re-lease the IP address or request
another one is called a __________.
5. The IP addresses in a scope that are available for lease is
called an/a __________.
Checking:
1. DHCP
__________ is a protocol used to provide quick, automatic, and
central management for the distribution of IP addresses within a
network.
2. Static IP is manually assigned permanent IP address to a client.
__________
3. A ____________
dynamic IP address is an automatically configured IP address
assigned by a DHCP server to every new network node.
4. The amount of time that a client may use an IP address before the
client must re-lease the IP address or request another one is called
a __________.
lease
5. The IP addresses in a scope that are available for lease is called
an/a _____________.
Address Pool
Assignment:

• Review, observe the steps, and take note – for mastery

• Differentiate Classfull & Classless IP addressing