Classification of Steam Engines

BY CONSTRUCTION
Steam Engines by construction:
• Vertical Engine
• Angle type or horizontal-vertical engine
• Hoisting Engine
• Single-acting Engine
• Double-acting Engine
• Reciprocating Engine
• Rotary Engine
Vertical Engine
This type of steam design is a very basic and
conventional engine design. In this engine
construction, the cylinders are in a single straight line.
As all the cylinders are in a straight line, manufacturers
sometimes refer to this engine as a 'Straight Engine'.
Vertical engine can have up to 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 8
cylinders.
Vertical Engine
Many vehicular applications such as cars, light
commercial vehicles, medium & heavy commercial
vehicles and earth moving equipment widely use this
design. This is mainly because the manufacturing cost
of the Vertical engines is lower than the 'V-engines'.
VERTIC
AL
ENGINE
Angle type or horizontal-vertical
engine
This is a newer generation engine design. In this
engine construction, the cylinders are at an angle. The
angle between the cylinders form a 'V' shape and that is
why it is a 'V' engine design. the 'V' type engine is
usually made with an even number of cylinders. An
example includes such as 2 (twin), 4, 6, 8 or 12 and so
on.
Angle type or horizontal-vertical
engine
Advantages of V engine:
1. Smallest of all the eight-cylinder engines
2. The low position of bonnet helps in better
aerodynamics
3. Increases primary balance & reduces vibrations
4. The smoother operation for high-speed performance
ANGLE
TYPE
ENGINE
Hoisting Engine
A steam hoisting engine is a device used for lifting
or lowering a load by means of a drum or lift-wheel.
And may use chain, fiber or wire rope as its lifting
medium. An engine comprised at least one powered
winch around which was wound hemp rope or (later)
steel cable.
Hoisting Engine
They were usually fitted with a boiler and usually
equipped with skids, or sleds made from logs, to aid
them during transit from one "setting" to the next
usually, a water tank, and sometimes a fuel oil tank,
was mounted on the back of the sled. In rare cases,
steam donkeys were also mounted on wheels. Later
Hoist Engine were built with multiple horizontally
mounted drums/spools, on which were wound heavy
steel cable instead of the original rope.
HOISTIN
G
STEAM
ENGINE
Single-acting Engine
When steam is coming in one side of the piston and
it produces one single working stroke in each
revolution of the crankshaft, is called single acting
steam engine. it's quite an inefficient design because
the piston is being powered only half the time.
Single-acting Engine
Some of the later steam engines, the high-speed
steam engines, used single-acting pistons of a new
design. The crosshead became part of the piston, and
there was no longer any piston rod. These kinds of
pistons are trunk pistons. Trunk pistons are long
relative to their diameter. They act both as a piston and
cylindrical crosshead.
Single-acting
ENGINE
Double-acting Engine
When steam is coming in both side of the piston and
it produces double working stroke in each revolution, is
called double acting steam engine. It produces double
power than single acting steam engine. A much better
(though slightly more complex) design uses extra
steam pipes and valves to make steam push the piston
first one way and then the other. It's more powerful
because steam is driving the piston all the time.
Double-acting Engine
With a single-cylinder engine, a double-acting
cylinder gave a smoother power output. The high-
pressure engine, as developed by Richard Trevithick,
used double-acting pistons and became the model for
most steam engines afterwards.
Double-
acting
ENGINE
Reciprocating Engine
In a reciprocating engine, the piston and
cylinder type of steam engine, steam under pressure is
admitted into the cylinder by a valve mechanism. As
the steam expands, it pushes the piston, which is
usually connected to a crank on a flywheel to produce
rotary motion. In the double-acting engine, steam from
the boiler is admitted alternately to each side of the
piston.
Reciprocating Engine
In a simple steam engine, expansion of the steam
takes place in only one cylinder, whereas in
the compound engine there are two or more cylinders
of increasing size for greater expansion of the steam
and higher efficiency; the first and smallest piston is
operated by the initial high-pressure steam and the
second by the lower-pressure steam exhausted from the
first.
RECIPROCATI
NG ENGINE
Rotary Engine
Rotary engines or were first called rotative steam
engines are engines that gives its output via a rotating
shaft. (as opposed to the earliest steam engines, which
drove mine pumps entirely by reciprocating action,
with no crank or flywheel involved) . The machine
works by driving both the forward and backward
strokes of the piston, together with a sun-and-planet
gear that then produces a rotary motion.
Rotary Engine