HYDRO POWER PLANT

PRESENTATION
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF

Respected Madam : VANDANA PANDEY

Respected Sir : SMIT NIMBARTE
JAWAHAR EDUCATION SOCIETY’S
A.C. PATIL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, 410210
 NAME ROLL NO

1. GAWADE ABHISHEK 133324

2. KHAN RASHID 133335

3. MOMAYA ANANT 133345

4. VIVEK PHALE 133355

5. KEKAN SANJAY 133372

6. MANIAR YASH 133374

HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER
PLANT
POTENTIAL ENERGY OF A MASS OF WATER, FLOWING IN A

WHAT IS HYDRO POWER?

STREAM WITH A
CERTAIN FALL TO THE TURBINE (TERMED THE "HEAD"),
INTO ELECTRIC
ENERGY AT THE LOWER END OF THE SCHEME, WHERE THE
POWERHOUSE
IS LOCATED. THE POWER OUTPUT FROM THE SCHEME IS
PROPORTIONAL
TO THE FLOW AND TO THE HEAD.
HYDROLOGIC CYCLE
 HYDROLOGY

• Meteorology
Study of the atmosphere including weather and

climate.

• Surface water hydrology

Flow and occurrence of
water on the surface

of the earth.

• Hydrogeology
Flow and occurrence
of ground water
 HYDROLOGY & HYDROGRAPHS

Hydrology may be defined as the science which deals with the

depletion and replenishment of water resources. It deals with surface
water as well as ground water. It is also concerned with
transportation of water from one place to another.

There are many types of hydrographs. Hydrograph is defined as a

graph showing discharge of flowing water with respect to time for a
specified time.
 HYDROGRAPHS SHOWS
•Graph of stream flow vs. time
•Obtained by means of a continuous recorder which indicates stage
vs. time (stage hydrograph)
•Transformed to a discharge hydrograph by application of a rating
curve.
•Typically are complex multiple peak curves Available on the web.
HYDROGRAPH NOMENCLATURE
storm of Duration D

Precipitation

P
tl
peak flow
tp
Discharge
baseflow
Q
new baseflow

w/o rainfall
 EXPLANATION

If we measure the rainfall and put it on a time graph and link that
to the amount of water in the river, we have some really useful
information!
This graph is hydrograph. It plots rainfall against discharge (that
is the amount of water in the river as it passes a particular point
measured in cubic metres per seconds or cumecs).
Changes measured over time is river regime - eg. in winter there
is more rain, less evaporation, less vegetation to absorb it.
WE CAN READ THE FOLLOWING
FROM THE HYDROGRAPH

Rate of flow at any instant during the duration period.

Total volume of flow upto that instant as the area
under hydrograph denotes the volume of water in that
duration.
The mean annual run-off.
The minimum and maximum run-off for the year
 FLOW DURATION CURVE

Flow duration curve is a useful form to represent the run-off data

for the given time. This curve is plotted between flow available
during a period versus the fraction of time.

The flow duration curve is drawn with the help of hydrograph from
the available run-off data and is necessary to find out the time
duration for which flows available
 POWER HOUSE
PENSTOCK
RESEVOIR

DAM TURBINE GENERATOR

INTAKE
POWER LINE

TRANSFORMER
ELEMENTS OF
HYDRO POWER
FIRST ELEMENT :-
Dam
DAMS
THE MOVEMENT OF WATER CAN BE USED TO MAKE
ELECTRICITY.
ENERGY FROM WATER IS CREATED BY THE FORCE OF
WATER MOVING FROM A HIGHER ELEVATION TO A LOWER
ELEVATION THROUGH A LARGE PIPE (PENSTOCK). WHEN
THE WATER REACHES THE END OF THE PIPE, IT HITS AND
SPINS A WATER WHEEL OR TURBINE. THE TURBINE ROTATES
THE CONNECTED SHAFT, WHICH THEN TURNS THE
GENERATOR, MAKING ELECTRICITY.
 SURGE TANK
Its function is to prevent sudden increase of pressure in the
supply line or in the penstock. It is placed as near as
possible to the turbine.

Water hammer

Due to the variation in the demand of water supply

according to load, the turbine gates get closed suddenly
which cause increase in pressure. This is known as water
hammer.
 What are Spill ways?
.
A dam failure can have sever effects downstream of the dam.
During the lifetime of a dam different flow conditions will be
experienced and a dam must be able to safely accommodate
high floods that
can exceed normal flow conditions in the river.

For this reason,

carefully passages are corporated in the dams as part of
structure.

These passages are known as spillways

2ND ELEMENT:-

INTAKE
 INTAKE

A WATER INTAKE MUST BE ABLE TO DIVERT THE

REQUIRED AMOUNT OF
WATER IN TO A POWER CANAL OR INTO A PENSTOCK
WITHOUT PRODUCING
A NEGATIVE IMPACT ON THE LOCAL ENVIRONMENT.
3rd ELEMENT:-
PENSTOCK
 PENSTOCK

“CONVEYING WATER FROM THE INTAKE TO THE POWER HOUSE”.

THE WATER IN THE RESERVOIR IS CONSIDERED STORED ENERGY

WHEN THE GATE OPENS THE WATER FLOWING THROUGH THE

PENSTOCK BECOMES KINETIC ENERGY BECAUSE IT IS IN

MOTION.
4TH ELEMENT TURBINES
The water strikes and turns
the large blades of a turbine,
which is attached to a
generator above it by way of
a shaft. The most common
type of turbine for
hydropower plants is the
Francis Turbine, which looks
like a big disc with curved
blades.
 Tailraces

AFTER PASSING THROUGH THE TURBINE THE WATER

RETURNS TO THE RIVER TROUGH A
SHORT CANAL CALLED A TAILRACE.
5TH ELEMENT
GENERATOR
AS THE TURBINE BLADES TURN, SO DO A SERIES OF MAGNETS
INSIDE

THE GENERATOR. GIANT MAGNETS ROTATE PAST COPPER COILS,

PRODUCING ALTERNATING CURRENT (AC) BY MOVING

ELECTRONS.
 Inside the Generator:-

The heart of the hydroelectric power

plant is the generator.
The basic process of generating
electricity in this manner is to rotate
a series of magnets inside coils of
wire. This process moves electrons,
which produces electrical current.
Each generator is made of certain basic
parts:

1. Shaft

2. Excitor

3. Rotor

4. Stator
AS THE TURBINE TURNS, THE EXCITOR SENDS AN ELECTRICAL CURRENT

TO THE ROTOR. THE ROTOR IS A SERIES OF LARGE ELECTROMAGNETS

THAT SPINS INSIDE A TIGHTLY-WOUND COIL OF COPPER WIRE, CALLED

THE STATOR. THE MAGNETIC FIELD BETWEEN THE COIL AND THE

MAGNETS CREATES AN ELECTRIC CURRENT.

6TH ELEMENT:-

TRANSFORMERS
A TRANSFORMER IS A DEVICE THAT TRANSFERS
ELECTRICAL ENERGY FROM ONE CIRCUIT TO
ANOTHER THROUGH A SHARED MAGNETIC FIELD. A
CHANGING CURRENT IP IN THE FIRST CIRCUIT (THE
PRIMARY) CREATES A CHANGING MAGNETIC FIELD; IN
TURN, THIS MAGNETIC FIELD INDUCES A VOLTAGE VS
IN THE SECOND CIRCUIT (THE SECONDARY). THE
SECONDARY CIRCUIT MIMICS THE PRIMARY CIRCUIT,
BUT IT NEED NOT CARRY THE SAME CURRENT AND
VOLTAGE AS THE PRIMARY CIRCUIT. INSTEAD, AN
IDEAL TRANSFORMER KEEPS THE PRODUCT OF THE
CURRENT AND THE VOLTAGE THE SAME IN THE
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY CIRCUITS.
 7TH ELEMENT
OUTFLOW

USED WATER IS CARRIED THROUGH PIPELINES, CALLED

TAILRACES, AND RE-ENTERS THE RIVER DOWNSTREAM.

8TH ELEMENT
POWER HOUSE
POWER HOUSE AND EQUIPMENTS

IN THE SCHEME OF HYDROPOWER THE ROLE OF POWER HOUSE IS TO

PROTECT THE ELECTROMECHANICAL EQUIPMENT THAT CONVERT THE
POTENTIAL ENERGY OF WATER INTO ELECTRICITY.

FOLLOWING ARE THE EQUIPMENTS OF POWER PLANT:

1.VALVE 5.CONDENSOR
2.TURBINE 6.PROTECTION SYSTEM
3.GENERATOR 7.DC EMERGENCY SUPPLY
4.CONTROL SYSTEM 8.POWER AND CURRENT
TRANSFORMER
 TRASH RACK

Almost all small hydroelectric plants have a trash rack

cleaning machine, which removes material from water in

order to avoid entering plant water ways and damaging

electromechanical equipment
A SIMPLE OVER VIEW:-
Flowing water creates energy that can be captured and
turned into electricity. This is called hydropower.

Hydropower is currently the largest source of renewable

power, generating nearly 10% of the electricity used in the
United States.
The most common type of hydropower plant uses a dam on a
river to store water in a reservoir. Water released from the
reservoir flows through a turbine, spinning it, which, in turn,
activates a generator to produce electricity.

But hydropower doesn't necessarily require a large dam.

Some hydropower plants just use a small canal to channel
the river water through a turbine.
THANK YOU