Warm Up • How do I know this is a probability

distribution?

x=# red • What is the probability that Mary hits

lights p(x) exactly 3 red lights?

0 0.05
• What is the probability that she gets
1 0.25 at least 4 red lights?
2 0.35

3 0.15 • What is the probability that she gets

less than two?
4 0.15

5 0.05 • Find the mean & standard deviation.

Find Mean & Standard Deviation:

x=#
books P(x)
read

0 0.13
1 0.21
2 0.28
3 0.31
4 0.07
 1. Find the mean
Ex. 2. Find the Standard Deviation
3. Find the probability that x is within one
deviation from the mean.

x = possible
P(x)
winnings

5 0.1

7 0.31

8 0.24

10 0.16

14 0.19
LINEAR
TRANSFORMATIONS
Section 6.2A
Remember – effects of Linear Transformations

• Adding or Subtracting a Constant

• Adds “a” to measures of center and location
• Does not change shape or measures of spread

• Multiplying or Dividing by a Constant

• Multiplies or divides measures of center and location by “b”
• Multiplies or divides measures of spread by |b|
• Does not change shape of distribution
Adding/Subtracting a constant from data shifts the mean
but doesn’t change the variance or standard deviation.
•
E  X  c  E( X )  c
•

Var  X  c   Var ( X )
Multiplying/Dividing by a constant multiplies the mean and
the standard deviation.

E (aX )  aE ( X )

 
𝜎 𝑥 ( aX )=a ∙ 𝜎 𝑥

Var (aX )  a Var ( X )

2
Pete’s Jeep Tours offers a popular half-day trip in a tourist area. The
vehicle will hold up to 6 passengers. The number of passengers X on
a randomly selected day has the following probability distribution. He
charges $150 per passenger. How much on average does Pete earn
from the half-day trip?

# Passengers Prob
2 0.15
3 0.25
4 0.35
5 0.2
6 0.05
Pete’s Jeep Tours offers a popular half-day trip in a tourist area.
The vehicle will hold up to 6 passengers. The number of
passengers X on a randomly selected day has the following
probability distribution. He charges $150 per passenger. What is
the typical deviation in the amount that Pete makes?

# Passengers Prob
2 0.15
3 0.25
4 0.35
5 0.2
6 0.05
What if it costs Pete $100 to buy permits, gas, and a ferry pass for
each half-day trip. The amount of profit V that Pete makes from the
trip is the total amount of money C that he collects from the
passengers minus $100. That is V = C – 100. So, what is the average
profit that Pete makes? What is the standard deviation in profits?
A large auto dealership keeps track of sales made during each
hour of the day. Let X = the number of cars sold during the first
hour of business on a randomly selected Friday. Based on
previous records, the probability distribution of X is shown below.
Suppose the dealership’s manager receives a $500 bonus from
the company for each car sold. What is the mean and standard
deviation of the amount that the manager earns on average?

# cars sold Prob

0 0.3
1 0.4
2 0.2
3 0.1
Suppose the dealership’s manager receives a $500 bonus
from the company for each car sold. To encourage customers
to buy cars on Friday mornings, the manager spends $75 to
provide coffee and doughnuts. Find the mean and standard
deviation of the profit the manager makes.

# cars sold Prob

0 0.3
1 0.4
2 0.2
3 0.1
Variance of y = a + bx
• Relates to slope.

y
b
x
y 2
b2  2
x
y  b  x
2 2 2

var( y )  b  var( x) 
2

 b 
2
y
2 2
x
Effects of Linear Transformation on the
 Mean and Standard Deviation if .

*Shape remains the same.

Example: Three different roads feed into a freeway entrance. The number of
cars coming from each road onto the freeway is a random variable with mean
values as follows. What’s the mean number of cars entering the freeway.

Mean #
Road Cars

1 800

2 1000

3 600
Mean of the Sum of Random Variables
 For
any two random variables, X and Y, if then the
expected value of T is
 
+
 Ex: What is the standard deviation of the # of cars
coming from each road onto the freeway.

Mean # St.
Road Cars Dev.

1 800 34.5

2 1000 42.8

3 600 19.3
Variance of the Sum of Random Variables
 Forany two random variables, X and Y, if then the
variance of T is
 Mean st dev
x 20 5
y 24 3

 x y 

3 x  2 y 
 Mean st dev
x 20 5
y 24 3

 x y 

3x  y 
 Mean st dev
x 20 5
y 24 3

 x y 

 3x2 y 
 Mean st dev
x 20 5
y 24 3

 x y 

 3x  y 
Find:  and 
3 x2 y 3 x2 y
x P(x) y P(y)
3 0.32 10 0.22
4 0.14 20 0.34
5 0.12 30 0.18
6 0.42 40 0.26
Homework

Worksheet