Taxonomy and Classification Unit Part II/Vi For Educators - Download Unit at Www. Science Powerpoint

Taxonomy and
Classification
Unit Part II/VI
Start Part II / VI of an educational unit about
Taxonomy and Classification for
students in grades 7-10
Part I: Taxonomy and Classification

Part II: Kingdom Monera
Part III: Kingdoms Protista and Animalia
Part IV: Animalia and Mammals
Part V: Kingdom Fungi an Plantae
Part VI: Final Recitation
Download the Powerpoint version of this video, unit notes,

assessments, lab handouts, review games, videos,
and much more at www.sciencepowerpoint.com
• RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very
important and should be recorded in your
science journal.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

science journal.
• BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow
directions, complete projects as described
and answer required questions neatly.

science journal.
• BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow
directions, complete projects as described
and answer required questions neatly.

• Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise
your hand as soon as you see him.
– He will be hiding somewhere in the slideshow
“Hoot, Hoot”
“Good Luck!”

Taxonomy and
Classification
Unit Part II/V
• Journal Question? What is this?
- Please draw it and then describe it
• If this is how many bacteria are on the
head of a pin. Imagine how many are on
your hand.
“Imagine how
much bacteria
exist in snot!”
 New Area of Focus: Bacteria. Domain
Prokarya, (Kingdom Monera)

Not Living
Who was paying attention?
 Prokaryotic (No nucleus) and no internal
organelles.
organelles.
organelles.
organelles.
organelles.
organelles.
organelles.
organelles.
organelles.
organelles.
organelles.
organelles.
organelles.
organelles.
organelles.
Which cell has a nucleus (Eukaryotic), and
which is a bacteria (Prokaryotic).

Cell with nucleus Cell without nucleus
Eukaryotic Prokaryotic (Bacteria)

 Two types:
1.) Archaea – old
2.) Eubacteria -true

 Two types:
1.) Archaea – Old
2.) Eubacteria -true

 Two types:
1.) Archaea – Old
2.) Eubacteria -True

 Eubacteria: True bacteria, gets energy from food
or sun.

• Microscopic picture of bacteria hiding
inside a human lung.

• Tissue eating bacteria
 Types of Bacteria

 Types of Bacteria
 Sphere (Round) Shaped: Cocci

 Rod shaped: Bacilli

 Spiral shaped: Spirilli

 Mycoplasma bacteria: Smallest known life form
(jagged and random).

• Mycoplasma bacteria does not have a
cell wall.
– Causes many diseases including
pneumonia.

• Video: Bacteria Classification.
• Quiz 1-10 Cocci, Bacilli, Spirilla,
Mycoplasma.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
• Bonus: What is my full name?
• Answers to the Quiz.
1
1 Baccilli
2
2 Spirilli
3
3 Cocci
4
4 Baccilli
5
5 Mycoplasma
6
6 Baccilli
7
7 Cocci
8
8 Spirilli
9
9 Spirilli
10
10 Cocci
• Bonus: What is my full name?
• Bonus: Draco Malfoy
– From the Harry Potter series.
• A good start, but how it is organized also
tells about the bacteria.
• Naming bacteria basics.
– Use shape and how they organize themselves
to help name them.

to help name them.

to help name them.

to help name them.

to help name them.

to help name them.

to help name them.

 Diplo = Pair

 Tetrad = Groups of four.

• Tetrad: Bacteria that fail to separate after
they divide, but instead remain in groups
of four forming squares.

 Sarcinae = Groups of Eight.

• Sarcinae: Tetrad bacteria that fail to
separate after they divide, but instead
remain in groups of eight forming cubes.
 Staphylo = Cluster

 Strepto = Chain

 Blue-Green Algae: Also called
Cyanobacteria. It is photosynthetic (gets
energy from sun).

• Found in fish tanks
• Algae blooms are a form of
cyanobacteria / Blue-green algae.
• Scientist are looking into the potential of
algae to creates bio fuel.

 Gram staining: Technique used to identify
bacteria.
-
-

 Pink and Red: Gram Negative

• A pink slip can often mean negative things.
Pink = Gram negative.

 Gram Positive = Dark Purple

• Purple start with a “P” and so does the
work positive. Purple = Gram positive.

• Which picture is gram positive bacteria,
and which is gram negative bacteria?

• Gram Positive Gram Negative

• Quiz 1-10 Name the type of bacteria, be
specific so include diplo, tetrad, sarcinae,
stepto, staphylo, cyanobacteria, and gram
+ or – if applicable. As well as Cocci,
Bacilli, and Spirilla. Anything goes.

Warm up round before quiz
• One more practice before Quiz Wiz.
– Which bacteria is the arrow pointing to?
• Answer: Cocci
• Practice before Quiz Wiz.
• Answer: Spirilli
• Practice before Quiz Wiz.
• Answer: Bacilli
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
• Bonus – Who am I? “I pity the
fool that
doesn’t
respect
bacteria!”
• Answers to the Quiz 1-10.

1
1 Staphylococcus (Gram +)
2
2 Diplobacillus
3
3 Streptococcus
4
4 Tetracoccus
5
5Cyanobacteria /
Blue Green Algae
6
6 Sarcinacoccus
(gram -)
7
7 Staphylococcus
(gram +)
8
8 Baccilli (Gram -)
9
9Staphylococcus
(Gram +)
10
10 Streptobacillus
(Gram +)
• Bonus – Who am I? “I pity the
fool that
doesn’t
respect
bacteria!”
• Bonus – Mr. T
“That’s right
fool, and
don’t forget
it!”
 New Area of Focus: Bacteria and your
health.

• Activity! A trip to The BAZAAR Café.

– Please select a drink, appetizer, entre, and
dessert from the café.

– Please use the spoon in each container to
add one spoon full to your dish.

– Once everyone is seated we will test who has
contracted a food borne illness.

– Once everyone is seated we will test who has
contracted a food borne illness.


– Teacher added Baking Soda in a few of the
bowls of water. (Could use NaOH)

– Teacher added Baking Soda in a few of the
bowls of water. (Could use NaOH)
– Litmus Paper can then used to test which
bowl had the Baking Soda / Food Borne
Illness (Could us Phenolphthalein as indicator
for the NaOH)

• Please add food (x-axis) and names (y-axis)
• X = food poison O = Healthy
– Try to identify the contaminated foods in the buffet by
process of elimination.

• Why should you care about learning
about food borne illnesses?

• Answer! 76+ million Americans contract a
food borne illness each year.

• Answer! 76+ million Americans contract a
food borne illness each year.
– Learning about them can help you when the
picture below becomes your home for a few
days.

• Bacterial Food Poisoning

– 81 million cases a year.

– 20 of the many thousands of different bacteria
actually are the culprits.

– Symptoms, including diarrhea, fever, vomiting,
abdominal cramps, and dehydration.

– Salmonella, E.coli.





 Bacterial food borne illness can be prevented by….
 -
 -
 -
 -

 Controlling the initial number of bacteria present.

• Washing food before preparation and
serving.

• This lettuce looks healthy, why should I
wash it?
– It only grows in a field.

• What is one thing missing from this
workplace?

• Answer – A restroom to dispose of waste
and to wash hands.

• Answer – A restroom to dispose of waste
and to wash hands.
– Some places are responsible, follow code and
provide facilities to workers. Some do not.

• It looks like a long way to the bathroom
from here.

• It looks like a long way to the bathroom
from here.
– “Maybe I’ll go here and just kick some dirt
over it.” “Paper…Ummm”

• Where in a restaurant would you expect to
find the most harmful bacteria?

“Hoot” “Hoot”
“Did anybody
see me hiding
in the
restaurant?”

• “Hoot” “Hoot” “Sure hope I don’t get a food
borne illness here!”

• Answer! Studies have found the lemon /
limes have more harmful bacteria on them
than even the restrooms.

• Answer! Studies have found the lemon /
limes have more harmful bacteria on them
than even the restrooms.
– Very rarely are the lemons washed before
they end up in your drink or on your food.

• Learning proper hygiene and hand
washing.

• Proper hand washing techniques.








• Why do we turn off the faucet with the
paper towel?

• Do you think that this bathroom door
handle is germ free?

• Do you think that this bathroom door
handle is germ free?
– You’ve now Washed your hands to just touch
a handle that hundreds have touched. Many
haven’t washed their hands.

Fecal Matter
“I’m putting
feces in my
mouth but I
don’t know
it.”
• Activity – How well do you wash?

– Squirt lotion on hand and rub it in until it’s gone.

– Observe under Ultra-violet light.

– Boys wash hands quickly (typical).

– Girls follow guidelines from previous slide.

– Follow up, compare the quick wash vs. long.

– Follow up, compare the quick wash vs. long.

 Refrigeration: Prevents the small number
of bacteria from growing rapidly.

 Destroying the bacteria by proper cooking.
• When the wait staff asks how you would
like your meat cooked, say “I would like
my meat well done!”
 Avoiding re-contamination. Clean cutting
board immediately after use.

• Don’t place raw produce on cutting board
and then place something else that isn’t
going to be cooked.

going to be cooked.
– Don’t prepare a salad on a board that has
touched raw meat without cleaning

going to be cooked.

going to be cooked.
Lemon Slice?

“Remember to properly cook
your spaghetti and meatballs
to avoid contamination.”
• Activity Reading! Bacteria and your food.
• Preventing contamination is one of the
best measures to fight bacteria,
– But what happens when you contract a
bacterial infection?
– But what happens when you contract a
bacterial infection?
 Penicillin: Antibiotic that destroys bacteria
derived from penicillin mold (fungi).
• Penicillin won’t kill a virus, it only attacks
bacteria.
• Penicillin won’t kill a virus, it only attacks
bacteria.
– Not completing prescription allows bacteria to
become resistant.
• Treat your wounds, they are an open door
for bacteria to consume your flesh.
• One type of infection is cellulitis (inflammation of
the skin caused by bacteria) .
• A pimple is made up of dead skin, oil, and lots of
bacteria.
bacteria.
bacteria.
• Gangrene: A death of body tissue that
usually occurs when there has been an
interruption of blood supply, followed by
bacterial invasion.
• Gangrene: A death of body tissue that
usually occurs when there has been an
interruption of blood supply, followed by
bacterial invasion.
• Seek medical attention immediately.
(Antibiotics)
• This is the treatment option when
gangrene has spread.
• This is the treatment option when
gangrene has spread.
• Don’t go swimming with an open cut or
wound.
– It is an entrance for bacteria into you body.
• What type of bacteria is this water bacteria
called vibrio?
• Answer: Staphylobacillus (Coma shaped)
 Antiseptic: Agent that kills or inhibits the growth
of micro-organisms on the external surfaces of
the body.
• Please take a first aid course to learn
proper cleaning of a wound. Cleaning a
wound safely has many steps.
– Includes disinfecting.
– Includes cleaning debris.
– Includes irrigating.
– Includes bandaging.
– Includes bandaging.
• The Lesson to be learned.
– Please treat wounds properly.
– Why wouldn’t you?
• Area of Focus: Bacteria and Tooth Decay
• Bacteria in your mouth eat food and
releases lactic acid when they do cellular
respiration. Acid on teeth = Decay.
• This is what can happen if you don’t clean
your teeth and allow them to rot away.
“Help me!” “I’m
trapped in
some plaque.”
 Plaque is the accumulation of bacteria and
micro-organisms on a tooth.

• Plaque can be defined as a complex
microbial community, with greater than
1010 bacteria per milligram.
– 10,000,000,000 per milligram
– That’s roughly 2 billion more than there are
people on earth in something that weighs
about as much as a grain of rice.

– 10,000,000,000 per milligram.

– 10,000,000,000 per milligram.

 Tartar is dental plaque that has
mineralized.
 Tartar can form when plaque is not removed
from the tooth surfaces.

 Tartar is dental plaque that has
mineralized.
 Tartar can form when plaque is not removed
from the tooth surfaces.
• What type of bacteria is seen this picture
of plaque?
• Answer – Maybe a form of bacilli, but 400
distinct bacterial species may be found in
plaque.

?
• Activity and Video - Flossing our teeth.

– Please watch movie and then floss.

– Please watch movie and then floss.
– Movie will play again, use paper towel to
wipe plaque on and dispose of.

• Video – How to brush your teeth?
– Have you been doing it right?

• Gingivitis: A swelling and soreness of the
gums that, without treatment, can cause
serious gum problems and disease.
Brushing your gums helps prevent.



• Avoid a diet heavy in sugars, also avoid
drinking acidic drinks as they decay tooth
enamel.

• Use a straw: Sugar + Acid don’t hit tooth
as much. Straws can be a waste of plastic
and end up as waste.

• If you want healthy teeth, don’t smoke.
Smoking and chewing cause dental
Staining.

 Area of Focus: Bacterial Reproduction.

• Warning! Real Images of bacteria
Reproduction!
“Please don’t
watch me.”
“Fission is so
awkward.”
• What are these bacteria missing that you
and I have to make babies?

• Answer!
• A Pee-pee-dee-pee and Ahoosy ma whatsy.

 Binary Fission: The process by which a
bacterium multiplies by splitting in two.

 In asexual reproduction, one individual
produces offspring that are genetically
identical to itself.

• Sexual Reproduction: Genetic material
from two different individuals combines
into a genetically unique offspring.

• Which animation is sexual reproduction
and which is asexual?

Sexual reproduction Asexual Reproduction

• Some bacteria use Conjugation (still considered
asexual)

• Activity – Exploring Exponential Growth
• Make 15 one inch squares.
• Try and make three rows of five

• Draw one bacteria and have it reproduce
in each square.
– Box 1 has one bacteria
– Box 2 has 2
– Box 3 has 4
– Box 4 has 8
– Small line represents a bacteria

– Each reproduction = twenty minutes time
– What are your results and time?

• Each box represents 20 minutes for a total
of 5 hours of optimal conditions for bacteria.

1 2 4 8 16
32 64 128 256 512
1024 2048 4096 8192 16384

1 2 4 8 16
32 64 128 256 512
1024 2048 4096 8192 16384

1 2 4 8 16
32 64 128 256 512
1024 2048 4096 8192 16384

1 2 4 8 16
32 64 128 256 512
1024 2048 4096 8192 16384

1 2 4 8 16
32 64 128 256 512
1024 2048 4096 8192 16384

1 2 4 8 16
32 64 128 256 512
1024 2048 4096 8192 16384

1 2 4 8 16
32 64 128 256 512
1024 2048 4096 8192 16384

1 2 4 8 16
32 64 128 256 512
1024 2048 4096 8192 16384

1 2 4 8 16
32 64 128 256 512
1024 2048 4096 8192 16384

1 2 4 8 16
32 64 128 256 512
1024 2048 4096 8192 16384

1 2 4 8 16
32 64 128 256 512
1024 2048 4096 8192 16384

1 2 4 8 16
32 64 128 256 512
1024 2048 4096 8192 16384

• What if we repeated this activity but
started with a small colony of 10,000
bacterium over 5 hours.
10,000 20,000 40,000 80,000 160,000

• What if we repeated this activity but
started with a small colony of 10,000
bacterium over 5 hours.
10,000 20,000 40,000 80,000 160,000
163,840,000

• You are made of more than 65 trillion
human cells.

• You are made of more than 65 trillion
human cells.
– Multiply that number by 10 and that’s how
many bacteria are living in your body. Your
microbiome is very important to your survival.

“I am a home to
650 trillion non-
human organisms
that live in my body
and do things to
help me survive.”
“Cool!”

• Video – Bacterial Growth, from two to
many. Time elapsed to fit into 15 seconds.

Positives (+) Negatives (-)
- -
- -
- -
- -

• Please record notes on the positives and
negatives of bacteria.

• A few positives of bacteria. (+)
– They are a part of many food products.
– Symbiotic relationships with plants (nitrogen
fixation).
– They decompose waste.
– They recycle nutrients.
– They detoxify pollution.
– Help digest food.
– Used in the industrial process.

fixation).

fixation).

fixation).

fixation).

fixation).

fixation).

fixation).

fixation).

• A few negatives of bacteria (-)
– Bacteria can kill our species in the millions.
– Bacteria destroys food and property.
– Can create general unpleasantness such as
bad breath, odors, acne, etc.





• Over the course of human history, an
estimated 200 million people have died
from Bubonic plague.

• Over the course of human history, an
estimated 200 million people have died
from Bubonic plague.
– What type of bacteria is this?

• Answer! Yersinia pestis bacilli.

• End of Part II – Are you current on your
unit assessment?

• Activity! Taxonomy and Classification
Review Game. Focus- Monera

End Taxonomy
and
Classification
Unit Part II/V
End Part II / VI of an educational unit about






• More Units Available at…
Earth Science: The Soil Science and Glaciers Unit, The Geology Topics
Unit, The Astronomy Topics Unit, The Weather and Climate Unit, and
The River Unit, The Water Molecule Unit.
Physical Science: The Laws of Motion and Machines Unit, The Atoms
and Periodic Table Unit, The Energy and the Environment Unit, and The
Introduction to Science / Metric Unit.
Life Science: The Diseases and Cells Unit, The DNA and Genetics Unit,
The Life Topics Unit, The Plant Unit, The Taxonomy and Classification
Unit, Ecology: Feeding Levels Unit, Ecology: Interactions Unit, Ecology:
Abiotic Factors, The Evolution and Natural Selection Unit and coming
soon The Anatomy and Physiology Unit.





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Taxonomy and

Part I: Taxonomy and Classification

Download the Powerpoint version of this video, unit notes,

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy