ENERGY, FUELS, COAL

CHEMICALS, FUEL GASES

by
mujettegodmalin
 A chemical engineer is not enough of a
specialist to be capable of adequately
designing plants for power production.
Chemical engineers should be familiar with
the broad technical aspects of energy
production and use because chemical
industries consume more than 50% of the
energy used by all the manufacturing
industries.
According to the American Energy Information
Administration (EIA) and to the International
Energy Agency (IEA), the world-wide energy
consumption will on average continue to
increase by 2% per year.

A yearly increase by 2% leads to a doubling of

the energy consumption every 35 years. This
means the world-wide energy consumption is
predicted to be twice as high in the year
2040 compared to today.
 But since we are not chemical
engineers yet,
As Chemical Engineers, What Move
ENERGY
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WHERE CAN WE GET
ENERGY?
●
●
Alternate
Fossil
Geothermal
Power
Coal
Steam
Fossil
Alternate
Geothermal
Power
Energy
●
●
●Coal
Steam
Ethanol
Oil
Nuclear
●
Fuels
Generation
Energy
Ethanol
Oil
Nuclear
Sources
Natural
Hydroelectric
Fuels Gas
Generation
●
●
others
●
●
Sources
Natural
Hydroelectric
others Gas
 COAL CHEMICALS
When coal is thermally pyrolyzed or distilled by heating without
contact with air, it is converted into a variety of solid, liquid, and
gaseous products. The nature and amount of each product
depends upon the temperature used in the pyrolysis and the
variety of coal used. The products of carbonization other than coke
are collectively known as coal chemicals, or byproducts.

Coking of coal
The two main types of coking procedures for coal are the beehive and
the by-product. Beehive coking is obsolete, primitive method.
By-product coke oven procedures.
 Uses of Coal Tar

• Fuel
• Utilized for roads and roofs
• Impregnate felt and paper for water proofing
materials
 FUEL GASES
Fuel gas can refer to any of several gases burned to
produce thermal energy

TYPES OF FUEL GASES

Natural Gas
Coke-Oven Gas
Producer Gas
Water Gas (Blue Gas)
Synthesis Gas
Liquefied Petroleum Gas
 Coke-Oven Gas

The coke-oven gas is separated from the ammonia

sulfate by bubbling through sulfuric acid. Coal tar
products as benzene, toluene, and some
naphthalene are scrubbed by straw oil in a packed
light oil tower or scrubber.
 Producer Gas

Producer Gas is made by passing air and steam

through a bed of hot coal or coke. The primary
purpose of the steam is to use up, as much as
possible, the exothermic energy from the reaction
between carbon and oxygen to supply the
endothermic reaction between the carbon and the
steam.
 Water Gas

Often called “Blue Gas” because of the color of the

flame when it is burned. It is produced by the
reaction of stem on incandescent coal or coke at
temperatures above 1000°C.

C + H2O → CO + H2
 Synthesis Gas

Often called “Blue Gas” because of the color of the

flame when it is burned. It is produced by the
reaction of stem on incandescent coal or coke at
temperatures above 1000°C.

C + H2O → CO + H2
 LPG
Mixture of gases, chiefly propane and butane, produced
commercially from petroleum and stored under pressure to keep it in
a liquid state.

The boiling point of liquefied petroleum gas varies from about −44°C
to 0°C (−47°F to 32°F), so that the pressure required to liquefy it is
considerable and the containers for it must be of heavy steel.

When prepared as fuel, LPG is largely propane; common uses are for
powering automotive vehicles, for cooking and heating, and
sometimes for lighting in rural areas.

LPG is an attractive fuel for internal-combustion engines; because it

burns with little air pollution and little solid residue, it does not
dilute lubricants, and it has a high octane rating.
 References
• http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/mecs/iab98/chemicals/fuel_consumption.html
• http://timeforchange.org/prediction-of-energy-consumption
• http://science.howstuffworks.com/world-power-consumption1.htm
• http://hdconsultingcorp.com/naturalgas.html
• http://www.umich.edu/~gs265/society/fossilfuels.htm
• http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S071807642008000400008&lng
=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en

• http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Power_Generation-Steam_Power
• http://www.mikebrownsolutions.com/stmpwr.htm
• http://library.thinkquest.org/26366/text/alternative/hydro.html
• http://www.che.cemr.wvu.edu/publications/projects/index.php
• G. T. Austin. Shreve’s Chemical Process Industires 5th Ed. McGraw-Hill Inc.