FORMWORK

BASED ON
STRUCTURAL
COMPONENTS
(INCLUDING THEIR
EMBERSO OZAR

METHODOLOGY)
DACOCO
DIMAPILIS
PERALTA
VALDEZ
 FORMWORK
Formwork is a mould or open box, like container
into which fresh concrete is poured and
compacted.
• The top of the formwork is normally
left open.
When the concrete is set, the formwork is
removed and a solid mass is produced in the
shape of the inner face of the formwork.
 FORMWORK
Forms are extremely important in concrete
construction. They mold the concrete to the required
size and shape while controlling its position and
alignment.

Formwork is a classic temporary structure in the

sense that it is erected quickly, highly loaded for a
few hours during the concrete placement, and within
a few days disassembled for future reuse.
FORMWORK FOR CONCRETE
STRUCTURES SHOULD BE:
Strong enough to resist the pressure or the
weight of the fresh concrete plus any
constructional live loads.

Rigid enough to retain the shape without undue

deformation.
FORMWORK FOR CONCRETE
STRUCTURES SHOULD BE:
Economical in terms of the total cost of the
forms and the concrete surface finishing when
required.

Sufficiently watertight to avoid leakage at

the joints.
FORMWORK FOR CONCRETE
STRUCTURES SHOULD BE:
The material of the formwork should be cheap,
easily available and should be suitable for reuse.

It should be as light as possible.

Classifying Formwork Based
on Structural Components
(Building Elements Supported)

WALL FORMWORK BEAM FORMWORK

SLAB COLUMN FORMWORK

FORMWORK
 Classifying Formwork Based on Structural
Components
(Building Elements Supported)
WALL FORMWORK BEAM FORMWORK
Classifying Formwork Based on Structural
Components
(Building Elements Supported)

SLAB COLUMN FORMWORK

FORMWORK
 WALL FORMWORK

Wall formwork is a The panels at both WaII support systems

simpler than for other sides are held in are usually sloping
concrete units as the position by ties. Ties props at satisfactory
actual forces against it are also used as spacer, intervals.
are less, most of the arranging wall
load being carried thickness.
vertically downwards.
 BEAM FORMWORK

Beam formwork The supports Metal panels are

consists of open need to be used with
through section and
because it is not maintained to corner pieces,
closed at the top the soffit and but timber
requires more also provide headtrees are
supporting lateral support needed for
framework to to the sides. vertical support.
restrain the sides.
 SLAB FORMWORK
Floors require a
large area of
formwork to be
provided usually
from beam to beam.
Timber floor formwork consists of
timber boards or plywood sheets
supported on a framework and
resting on a series of timber joists.
Again timber and metal props can be
used for vertical supports.

Metal panels can be used

and bolted or clipped
together and held in place
by a system of metal
beams or a tabular
scaffold system.
COLUMN Column formwork is made usually with
either timber or metal panels.
FORMWORK
The principle is to create an enclosed box
with frames at the exact size of the
column and fix it tightly on the kicker left
from base or at the last stage of column
concreting.

The box is held in position by steel

column clamps or bolted yokes and
supported by timber studs or props
Classifying Formwork Based
on Structural Components
(Building Elements Supported)
METHODOLOGIES
WALL FORMWORK BEAM FORMWORK
SLAB COLUMN FORMWORK
FORMWORK
CAUSES OF FAILURE IN
FORMWORKS
Failure due to insufficient cross bracing. Cross
bracing improve the stiffness of props against
buckling.
Failure due to improper supervision, inadequate
design/ planning of shuttering, centering &
concreting activity.
 To avoid unnecessary difficulties of work and
prevent damage from formwork parts, the following
recommendations should be followed:

Do not drive in too many nails.

Use only as many timbers, braces, tie wires,

etc. as necessary.
Consider, which board, panel or squared
timber is to be stripped first, to fix them to
permit easy removal in the proper sequence.
 FORM TIES
A form tie is an accessory used in formwork, used to
hold the concrete wall forms firmly against the
lateral pressure of freshly placed plastic concrete.

They maintain equal space between the forms which

results in uniform thickness of walls.

Form ties connect opposite wall forms and keep the

lateral pressure of the unhardened concrete from
collapsing.
 FORMWORK STRIKING TIMES
The time to be allowed before formwork can be removed naturally depends on many
factors, such as:
1. THE TYPE OF CONCRETE MIX USED (TYPE OF CEMENT)
Rapid hardening cement mix requires less time, whereas
high water cement ratio needs longer time for striking the
formwork.

2. THE TYPE OF STRUCTURAL MEMBER BEING CAST

Soffit of beams and slabs or sides of beams or
columns require different time.

TEMPERATURE
High temperature can cause rapid curing of concrete and
formwork can be struck in shorter time than low
temperature weather.
British Standards Formwork Striking Times
Minimum Striking Times
Structural Member
formwork Surface Temperature of
Concrete
16C 7C 2C

Formwork to columns, 9 hours 12 hours 1 day

beam sides and walls
Formwork to slabs 4 days 7 days 11 days
(props left in position)
Formwork to beam soffit 8 days 14 days 21 days
(props left in position)
Props to slabs 11 days 14 days 21 days

Props to beam soffits 15 days 21 days 30 days