IDA JEAN ORLANDO

“NURSING PROCESS THEORY”

“NURSING IS A PROFESSION THAT SEEKS TO FIND
OUT AND MEET THE PATIENT’S IMMEDIATE NEED
FOR HEALTH.”
-IDA JEAN ORLANDO
IDA JEAN ORLANDO
 FIRST GENERATION IRISH AMERICAN
 BORN ON AUGUST 12, 1926
 WROTE ABOUT THE NURSING PROCESS

EDUCATION
 1947: SHE DEDICATED HER LIFE STUDYING NURSING
FROM THE FLOWER FIFTH AVENUE HOSPITAL SCHOOL
OF NURSING IN NEW YORK
 1951:SHE RECEIVED A BACHELOR OF SCIENCE DEGREE
IN PUBLIC NURSING FROM ST. JOHN’S UNIVERSITY IN
BROOKLYN.
 1954: SHE COMPLETED HER MASTER OF ARTS IN
MENTAL HEALTH CONSULTATION FROM TEACHERS
COLLEGE, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY.
CAREER AND APPOINTMENTS
 Had a diverse career, working as a practitioner,
consultant,researcher, and educator in nursing.
 Devoted her life to mental health and psychiatric
nursing, working as a clinical nurse and researcher.
 1954- receiving her master’s degree
 Associate professor of mental health and psychiatric
nursing for eight years at Yale University School of
Nursing in New Haven.
 Project Investigator of a National Institute of Mental
Health grant entitled: “Integration of Mental Health
Concepts on a Basic Nursing Curriculum.”
 1961- published her book
 “The Dynamic Nurse- Patient Relationship”
 1972-revised
 “The Discipline and Teaching of Nursing
Processes”
 A board member of Harvard Community
Health Plan
DESCRIPTION
 Orlando’s theory stresses the reciprocal
relationship between patient and nurse. It
emphasizes the critical importance of the
patient’s participation in the nursing
process.
 Orlando alsoconsidered nursing as a distinct
profession and seperated it from medicine
where nurses as determining nursing action
rather than being prompted by physician’s
order, organizational needs and past
personal experiences.
 She believe that the physician’s orders are
for patients and not for nursers.
 She proposed that “ patients have their own
meanings and interpretations of situations
and therefore nurses must validate their
inferences and analysis with patients before
drawing conclusions.”
NURSING PROCESS THEORY
 Her theory was developed observations
between a nurse and patient.
 Formulation for “ good” and “ bad” nursing .
 The Nursing process is an interaction of three
basic elements:

1. The Behavior of the Patient

2. The Reaction of the nurse
3. The Nursing actions which are designed for
the patient’s benefit
THE NURSING PROCESS
 Nurse’s Responsibility is composed of
whatever help the patient may require for
his needs to be met.
 Need is a situationally defined requirement
of the patient which relieves or diminishes
his immediate distressor if this is supplied.
 Presenting behavior of the patient is any
observable verbal and nonverbal behavior
of the patient.
 Immediate Reactions are the nurse’s and
patient’s individual perceptions, thoughts,
and feelings.
 Nursing process discipline includes the nurse
communicating to the patient his or her
immediate reactions.
 Improvement to grow better.
 Automatic nursing actions are nursing
activities that are decided upon for reasons
other that the patient’s immediate needs.
 Deliberate nursing actions are those decided
upon after ascertaining a need and meeting
this need.
GOAL
 Orlando’s goal is to develop a theory of
effective nursing practice. The theory
explains that the role of the nurse is to find
out and meet the patient’s immediate needs
for help.
 According to the theory, all patient
behaviour can be a cry for help. Through
these, nurse’s job is to find out the nature of
the patient’s distress and provide the help he
or she needs.
APPLICATION OF THE THEORY
 Orlando’s theory can increase the
therapeutic effectiveness of nurses by the
expression of empathy, warmth, and
genuineness in helping the patient’s
immediate needs.
METAPARADIGM IN NURSING
 Health- In Orlando’s theory, health is
replaced by a sense of helplessness as the
initiator of a necessity for nursing. She
stated that nursing deals with individuals
who are in need of help.
 Human Being/Person- Orlando uses the
concept of human as she emphasizes
individually and the dynamic nature of the
nurse patient relationship. For her, humans
in need are the focus of the nursing practice.
 Environment- Orlando completely
disregarded environment in her theory, only
focusing on the immediate need of the
patient, chiefly the relationship and actions
between the nurse and the patient (only an
individual in her theory; no families or
groups were mentioned). The effect that the
environment could have on the patient was
never mentioned in Orlando’s theory.
 Nursing- Orlando speaks of nursing unique
and independent in its concerns for an
individual’s need for help in an immediate
situation. The efforts to meet the
individual’s need for help are carried out in
an interactive situation and in a disciplined
manner the requires proper training.