Secretion of small

intestine
Submitted to:
Mam Mariya Razaq
Submitted by:
Syeda Rida 3520
Maliha Mumtaz:3627
Small Intestine Anatomy
Overview
 The small intestine (small bowel) lies between the
stomach and the large intestine (large bowel) and
includes the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
 The small intestine is so called because its lumen

diameter is smaller than that of the large intestine,

although it is longer in length than the large
intestine.
 The duodenum continues into the jejunum at the

duodenojejunal junction or flexure, which lies to the

left of L2 vertebra and is fixed to the retroperitoneum
by a suspensory ligament of Treitz.
 The inferior mesenteric vein (IMV) lies to the
left of the duodenojejunal junction. There are
several peritoneal fossae around the
duodenojejunal flexure, which may be the
sites of an internal herniation of the small
bowel.
 The rest of the small intestine is a 4-6-m

long convoluted tube occupying the center of

the abdomen and the pelvis, surrounded on 2
sides and above by the colon (a part of the
large intestine). The ileum continues into the
large intestine (cecum) at the ileocecal
junction.
LAYERS OF SMALL INTESTINE
 Mucosa : (inner most)
Absorbe nutrients from chyme.
 Submucossa:
Provide blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves
to support on the surface
 Muscularis layer:
Contracts and moves the small intestine
 Serosa: (outermost)
Continuous throughout and surrounds the intestine
3 MAJOR REGION OF SMALL INTESTINE

I. Duodenum: (10 inches)

I. Shortest region of small intestine.
II. Chyme and bile mix completig digestion
II. Jejunum: (3feets)
I. Middle section.
II. Serves as primary site of nutrients absorption.
III. Ileum : (6feets)
I. Final section of small intestine
II. Empties into large intestine
III. Completes nutrient absorption.
Secretion from the intestine
Enzyme and Hormones .
 Digestive enzyme: small intestine does not
secrete any digestive enzyme (come from
pancreas or found on enterocytes) . Except
enterokinase secreted from duodenal
mucosa.
 Hormones : secreted from endocrine cells in

mucosa. Stimulated by activation of

Chemoreceptor sin response to constituents of
food and act to stimulate production of
digestive secretion from other organ

 Gastric → stomach , duodenum , pancreases (g cell)

 Cholecystokinin → pancreases
 Secretion → pancreases
SECRETION OF SMALL INTESTINE
(focus : channels and cells)
 Secretions are from cells within the crypts of
lieburkuhn and fall into two groups.
 Secretion into the lumen (from enterocytes)
 Secretions into the blood (from endocrine

cells)
Nature of secretion:
 Mucus / alkali secretion : mucosal protection
 Aqueous secretions:
Under local nervous control
Some minor hormonal control
a. Secretion is a peptide hormone that regulates
water homeostasis throughout the body, and
influences the environment of the duodenum
by regulating secretions in the stomach and
pancreases. Secretion is produced in the S cells
of the duodenum, which are located in the
intestinal glands.
b. CCK: cholecystokinin is a peptide hormone of
the gastrointestinal system responsible for
stimulating the digestion of fat and protein.