Counseling

Definition

 isa professional relationship that empowers diverse

individuals, families, and groups to accomplish mental
health, wellness, education, and career goals. The primary
goal of counseling is to help people utilize their prevailing
social skills and problem solving skills more functionally,
or to cultivate new surviving and coping skills.
Definition

For Nystul (2003) defined it as basically an

art and a science wherein you endeavor to
weigh the objective and subjective facets of
the counseling process.
 Asan art is the subjective dimension of counseling. It
upholds a flexible and creative process whereby the
counselor modifies the approach to meet the developing
needs of the clients.

 As a science, on the other hand, is the objective dimension

of the counseling process.
 In practical terms, counseling happens when a person who is
distressed asks for help and permit another person to enter into a
kind of connection with him/her. It is indicative with formal of
someone in search of counseling requests for time and attention
from person who will listen, who will allow him/her to speak
and who will not condemn and criticize him/her.
 Informal helping- is a kin with formal helping in
some ways such as presence of good listening
skills, empathy, and caring capacity.
 Based on Guidance and Counseling Act of 2004, guidance and
counseling is the profession that implicates the application of “ an
integrated approach to the development of a well-functioning individual “
through the provision of support that aids an individual to use his/her
potential to the fullest in accord with his/her interest , needs and abilities.
(University of Queensland, 2015).
At the American Counseling Association (ACA)
Conference in Pittsburgh in March 2010, the
representatives come to an agreement on a mutual
definition of counseling. They agreed that counseling is a
professional relationship that empowers diverse
individuals, families and group to accomplish mental
health, wellness, education, and career goals (Kaplan,
Tarvydas, and Gladding, 2014).
Goals of Counseling

Detailed and expansive counseling goals have been identified

by Gibson and Mitchell (2003), which are as follows:
 1. Development Goals – assist in meeting or advancing the
clients human growth and development including social,
personal, emotional, cognitive, and physical wellness.
 2.Preventive Goals – helps the client avoid some
undesired outcome.
 3. Enhancement Goals- enhance special skills and abilities.
 4. Remedial Goals – assisting a client to overcome and
treat an undesirable development
 5. Exploratory Goals- examining options, testing of skills,
trying new and different activities, etc.
 7. Cognitive Goals-involves acquiring the basic foundation of
learning and cognitive skills
 8.Physiological Goals – involves acquiring the basic
understanding and habits for good health
 9. Psychological Goals – aids in developing good social
interaction skills, learning emotional control, and developing
positive self – concept.
 Goal Description
Understanding of the origins and development of emotional difficulties , leading to an increased capacity to take
Insight
rational control over feelings and actions
Becoming better able to form and maintain meaningful and satisfying relationships with other people : for example ,
Relating with others
within the family or workplace
Becoming more aware of thoughts and feelings that had been blocked off or denied, or developing a more accurate
Self- awareness
sense of how self is perceived by others.
The development of a positive attitude toward self, marked by an ability to acknowledge areas of experience that had
Self- acceptance
been the subject of self- criticism and rejection
Self – actualization Moving in the direction of fulfilling potential or achieving an integration of previously conflicting parts of self.
Enlightenment Assisting the client to arrive at a higher state of spiritual awakening
Finding a solution to a specific problem that the client had not been able to resolve alone. Acquiring a general
Problem- Solving
competence in problem – solving
Psychological education Enabling the client to acquire ideas and techniques with which to understand and control behavior
Learning and mastering social and interpersonal skills such as maintenance of eye contact , turn taking in
Acquisition of Social Skills
conversations, assertive, or anger control
The modification or replacement of irrational beliefs or mal adaptive thought patterns associated with self- destructive
Cognitive change
behavior
Behavior change The modification or replacement of maladaptive or self- destructive patterns of behavior.
Systematic change Introducing change into the way in that social systems operate
Empowerment Working on skills , awareness, and knowledge that will enable to client to take control of his or her own life
Restitution Helping the client to make amends for previous destructive behavior
Inspiring in the person a desire and capacity to care for others and pass on knowledge and to contribute to the collective
Generality
good through political engagement
Scope of Counseling

 The scope of counseling covers personal, social,

cognitive, behavioral, psychological, emotional,
spiritual, occupational and even health aspect of an
individual. However, it does not deal with the
clinical cases such as mental illness
IndividualCounseling
Marital and Pre-Marital Counseling
Family Counseling
Ethical Principles of Counseling

These are the ideas that underpin both personal and professional
codes.
1. Autonomy of individuals
 Is based on the right to freedom of action and freedom of choice in so
far as the pursuit of these freedom does not interfere with the freedom
of others ; counseling cannot happen unless the client has made a free
choice to participate
2. Principle of Non maleficence
 This refers to instruction to all helpers or healers that they must ,above all,
do no harm;
 Beneficence refers to the order to promote human welfare

3. Principle of Justice
 Concerned with the fair distribution of resources and services , unless there
is some acceptable reason for treating them differently
 For counseling , the principle has particular relevance to the question access
Core Values of Counseling
Respect for human dignity
Partnership
Autonomy
Responsible Caring
Personal Integrity
Social Justice