Distribution, Density, Growth

And
composition
 India, 2.4% of world surface area holds 16.7% of
the world population, is the second most
populated country in the world.

 According to the census 2001, the population of

India has been added at the rate of 21.34% in a
decade, giving a figure of 1.027 billion people.
 According to United Nation, India will
overcome China by 2030 in population. The
estimates released by UN on February 24,
2005 in New York, "World Population
Prospects," figures India to have 1,395 million
people by 2025 and 1,593 million by 2050.
 Population distribution in India shows wide variation.
 Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India with
a population of more than 166 million
 Nineteen states of India have a population of over ten
million.
 On the other hand there are eight states and union
territories in the country that have a population of
less than one million.
 Almost half of India's population lives in five states,
namely, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West
Bengal, and Andhra Pradesh
 25% of the India's poor live in urban areas
 31% of the urban population is poor.
 Most populated state, estimated more than
Pakistan's population West Bengal most dense state
 Arunachal Pradesh least populated states
 Growth rate expected to exceed China's by 2010
 India will overcome China in population by 2030:
UN
 Mumbai 3rd most populated city in the world
 Arunachal Pradesh is the state with lowest
population density in India. According to 2001
census, Arunachal Pradesh has a population density
of 13.

 Total population of Arunachal Pradesh (as per

2001 census) is 10,97,968 and its area is 83, 743
sq km. In 1991, population of Arunachal Pradesh
was 8,64,558 and its population density was 10.
Rank in 2001 States / Union Population Percentage of
Territory Total Population
1. Uttar Pradesh 166,052,859 16.17
2. Maharashtra 96,752,247 9.42
3. Bihar 82,878,796 8.07
4. West Bengal 80,221,171 7.81
5. Andhra Pradesh 75,727,541 7.37
6. Tamil Nadu 62,110,839 6.05
7. Madhya Pradesh 60,385,118 5.88
8. Rajasthan 56,473,122 5.50
9. Karnataka 52,733,958 5.14
10. Gujarat 50,596,992 4.93
11. Orissa 36,706,920 3.57
12. Kerala 31,838,619 3.10
13. Jharkhand 26,909,428 2.62
14. Assam 26,638,407 2.59
15. Punjab 24,289,296 2.37
16. Haryana 21,082,989 2.05
17. Chhatisgarh 20,795,956 2.03
18. Delhi 13,782,976 1.34
19. Jammu & 10,069,917 0.98
Kashmir
20. Uttaranchal 8,479,562 0.83
21. Himachal 6,077,248 0.59
Pradesh
22. Tripura 3,191,168 0.31
23. Manipur 2,388,634 0.23
24. Meghalaya 2,306,069 0.22
25. Nagaland 1,988,636 0.19
26. Goa 1,343,998 0.13
27. Arunachal 1,091,117 0.11
Pradesh
28. Pondicherry 973,829 0.09
29. Chandigarh 900,914 0.09
30. Mizoram 891,058 0.09
31. Sikkim 540,493 0.05
32. Andaman & 356,265 0.03
Nicobar Islands
33. Dadra & Nagar 220,451 0.02
Haveli
34. Daman & Diu 158,059 0.02
35. Lakshadweep 60,595 0.01
 It is defined as the number of persons per sq km.
The population density of India in 2001 was 324
per sq km.

 The density of population has increased in all

states and UTs between 1991 and 2001.

 Population density increased from 274 in 1991 to

324 persons per sq.km in 2001. West Bengal is the
most densely populated state 904 followed by Bihar
880 and Kerala 819.
YEAR DENSITY per sq.km.
1901 77
1911 82
1921 81
1931 90
1941 103
1951 117
1961 142
1971 177
1981 216
1991 274
2001 234
   Persons /
Sq. Km
  India 325
State with Highest Population Density West Bengal 903
State with Lowest Population Density Arunachal Pradesh 13
UT with Highest Population Density Delhi 9,340
UT with Lowest Population Density Andaman & 43
Nicobar Islands
District with Highest Population Density North East (Delhi) 29,468
District with Lowest Population Density Lahul & Spiti 2
(Himachal Pradesh)
 Population growth in India during the twentieth
century can be chartered and classified into four
distinct phases as follows:

1901 - 1921: Stagnant population

1921 - 1951: Steady growth
1951 - 1981: Rapid high growth
1981 - 2001: High growth with definite
slowing down
 The story of population growth in India is fairly in
tune with the classical theory of demographic
transition. During most of the nineteenth century,
India witnessed a fluctuating but ultimately more or
less a stagnant growth of population, which drifted
into the twentieth century until 1921. Thereafter,
India passed through successively all the phases of
demographic transition and is now widely believed
to have entered the fifth phase, usually
characterized by rapidly declining fertility.
 The percentage decadal growth during
1991- 2001 has registered the sharpest decline
since independence. It has declined from 23.86%
for 1981 - 1991 to 21.34 percent for the period
1991 – 2001.

 The decadal growth rate in 1991-2001 was lowest

in Kerala (9.42%) and highest in Nagaland (64.41%).
 According to 2001 final census India's total
population has crossed 1,027,015,247 out of which
531,277,078 are males and females are
495,738,169.

 As per census 2001 the sex-ratio has gone up from

927 in 1991 to 933 in 2001.

 Kerala has the highest (1058) sex-ratio while

Haryana has the lowest (861).
 The percentage of urban population of total
population has increased from 25.7% in 1991 to
27.8% in 2001.
 The percentage of rural population of total
population in 2001 is 72.2%.
 The number of cities having a population of more
than one million increased from 23 in 1991 to 35 in
2001.Population -wise UP is at the top followed by
Maharashtra, Bihar and West-Bengal and so on.
 The life expectancy for males is 62 years and for
females it is 63 years.
 2001 census
Rank   Language   (total population
1,004.59 million)  
Speakers Percentage
1 Hindi dialects 422,048,642 41.03%
2 Bengali 83,369,769 8.11%
3 Telugu 74,002,856 7.37%
4 Marathi 71,936,894 6.99%
5 Tamil 60,793,814 5.91%
6 Urdu 51,536,111 5.01%
7 Gujarati 46,091,617 4.48%
8 Kannada 37,924,011 3.69%
11 Punjabi 29,102,477 2.83%
12 Assamese 13,168,484 1.28%
13 Maithili 12,179,122 1.18%
14 Santali 6,469,600 0.63%
15 Kashmiri 5,527,698 0.54%
16 Nepali 2,871,749 0.28%
17 Sindhi 2,535,485 0.25%
18 Konkani 2,489,015 0.24%
19 Dongri 2,282,589 0.22%
20 Meitei (Manipuri) 1,466,705* 0.14%
21 Bodo 1,350,478 0.13%
22 Sanskrit 14,135 N
Table 1: 2001 Religious Data Composotion
Religious Composition Population (%)
Hindus 827,578,868 80.5%
Muslims 138,188,240 13.4%
Christians 24,080,016 2.3%
Sikhs 19,215,730 1.9%
Buddhists 7,955,207 0.8%
Jains 4,225,053 0.4%
Other Religions &
6,639,626 0.6%
Persuasions
Religion not stated 727,588 0.1%
Total* 1,028,610,328 100.0%
 India is home to the third-largest Muslim population
in the world after Indonesia(209m)& Pakistan(169 m).
 India also contains the majority of the world's
Zoroastrians, Sikhs, Jains and Bahá'í. Other religious
groups include Jews.
 Religious majorities vary greatly by state. Jammu and
Kashmir and Lakshadweep are Muslim majority
states;
 Nagaland, Mizoram and Meghalaya are Christian
majority;
 Punjab is mostly Sikh;
 Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim are mainly Buddhist.
Census information for 2001
Composition Hindus Christians
Muslims Sikhs  Buddhist Jains  Others
       
 % total of
population 80.4% 13.4% 2.3% 1.9% 1.1% 0.4% 0.5%
2005
10-Yr
Growth % 20.3% 29.5% 22.6% 18.2% 24.5% 26.0% 103.1%
(est '91–'01)
Composit
ion  
Hindus Muslims Christians Sikhs Buddhist Jains   Others

Sex ratio 935 940 1009 895 955 940 1000

Literacy
rate 75.5 60.0 90.3 70.4 73.0 95.0 50.0
Work
Participat 40.4 31.3 39.7 37.7 40.6 32.9 48.4
ion Rate
Composit
ion  
Hindus Muslims Christians Sikhs  Buddhist Jains  Others
Rural sex
ratio 944 953 1001 895 958 937 995
Urban
sex ratio 922 907 1026 886 944 941 966
Child sex
ratio (0–6 925 950 964 786 942 870 976
yrs)
CATEGORIES PERSONS % TO TOTAL WORKERS
Primary 234088181 58.2
Secondary 16956942 4.2
tertiary 151189601 37.6