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(Yersinia pestis)
Obiective
Istoric
Ciclulbiologic
Manifestari clinice
Diagnostic
Tratament
Epidemii istorice
importante:
◦ Africa si bazinul
mediteraneean: “pesta lui
Justinian” 700-600 IC,
◦ Asia: “Black Death”1346-1353
◦ Asia: 1855-1920
◦ 1894: descoperirea bacilului
pestos la om si sobolan
(A. Yersin)
www.tomecek.com/ jay/ThePlague.html
Istoric: controverse
Shibasaburo Kitasato
(1852-1931)
Alexandre Yersin
(1863-1943)
Istoric: controverse
Rolul Cl tetani in Izolarea exotoxinei
trismus difterice
Ciclul biologic
Definitie: Y. pestis fam. Enterobacteriaceae
• BGN facultativ anaerob
• 11 specii (Y. pseudotuberculosis, Y. pestis, Y.
enterolitica)
• Antigen capsular (f1), v, w = factori de virulenta care
permit supravietuirea in interiorul macrofagelor
• Endotoxina responsabila pt simptomatologia bolii
• Foarte sensibil la caldura si uscaciune
• Rezistent la frig, supravietuind saptamani- luni de
iarna in cadavrele rozatoarelor si in dejectiile de pureci
Gazde
Mamifere
o Rozatoare, pisici
salbatice, iepuri, lincsi
o Omul
Insecte
http://www.channel4.com/history/
microsites/H/history/plaegu/plague.html
Science Picture Library
o Xenopsylla cheopis
www.exn.ca/Stories/ 2000/09/12/52.asp
Ciclul biologic
Transmitere si gazde
idcs0100.lib.iup.edu/ WestCivI/the8.htm
www.imcworldwide.org/ cbr/L1C-m2.html
Bubonica (85%) http://aci.mta.ca/Courses/
Biology/Images/bacterial
%20folder/Plague.html
Pneumonica (1-3%)
Septicemica (15%)
Pesta bubonica
Pesta bubonica
Forme clinice:
Benigna = flictena precoce
la poarta de intrare
Usoara = “pesta minor” =
minima adenopatie, fara
periadenita, sau durere sau
semne generale
Severa = simptomatologie
generala, fenomene toxice,
si septicemie in ziua 5-8 de
boala
Pesta bubonica
Complicatii:
Bubonul secundar
Suprainfectia bubonului
Flictene pemfigoide
Pneumonie pestoasa secundara
Meningita pestoasa
Septicemia pestoasa secundara
Pesta pneumonica
Pesta septicemica
Cea mai severa!
Secundara/ primara
Incubatie 1-7 zile
Simptome
◦ Soc septic
◦ CID
◦ Gangrene → “Black Death”
Letalitate ~ 100% fara tratament
Pesta septicemica
Forme particulare:
◦ Pesta fudroaianta = deces la ~ ore dupa aparitia
primelor semne de boala (pesta siderans)
◦ Pesta hemoragica (pesta neagra) = sindrom
hemoragipar important (petesii, epistaxis,
gingivoragii, hemoptizie, hematemeza,
hematurie)
◦ Pesta gastrointestinala = varsaturi, scaune
diareice cu aspect sanghinolent, sau muco-
piosanghinolent
Diagnostic de laborator
Produs biologic: sange, sputa,
LCR, tesut ganglionar
◦ Frotiu Gram, Giemsa, imunofluorescenta
◦ Culturi
◦ Inoculare la cobai
◦ Serologie
◦ Microscopie electronica
http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/plague/p4.htm ◦ Examen anatomo-patologic
www.einsamer-schuetze.com/natur/krankheit/pest/bedrohung.html
Diagnostic diferential
Pesta bubonica:
◦ Adenita acuta bacteriana
◦ Tularemia (Francisella tularensis)
◦ Limfogranulomatoza veneriana (Chlamydia trachomatis)
◦ Sifilisul (Treponema pallidum)
Pesta pulmonara:
◦ Bronhopneumonia bacteriana
◦ Tularemia pulmonara
◦ Gripa
Pesta septicemica
◦ Malaria severa
◦ Tifosul exantematic
◦ Febra tifoida
◦ Septicemii
Tratament
Gentamicina, Dezvoltarea tulpinilor
Streptomicina, rezistente utilizarea →
Ciprofloxacin, asocieri de antibiotice
Doxiciclina, ◦ S+CIP
◦ S+SXT
Tetraciclina,
Tratamentul local =
Biseptolul,
indicat numai in caz de
Cloramfenicol, fluctuenta sau drenaj
◦ timp de 10-14 zile. spontan
Concluzii
In 1994-2003 s-au inregistrat ultimele focare epidemice.
Y. pestis este agent de bioterorism categoria A (forme
pneumonice).
Y. pestis este bacil gram negativ, apartinand familiei
Enterobacteriaceae.
Gazde sunt mamifere (rozatoare) si insecte (purici).
Se descriu 3 forme clinice: bubonica, pneumonica si
septicemica.
Diagnosticul de certitudine = culturi.
Tratamentul antibiotic absolut necesar ± chirurgical.
http://www.witheridge-historical-archive.com/black-death.htm
Prezentare de caz
Tanar de 25 ani este admis pe 12.02.2011 la
CG a unui spital din New Mexico
MI
◦ Cefalee, febra (40°C), frisoane, varsatura cu debut
de 2 zile.
Istoric
◦ Vanator;
◦ in ultimele 2 saptamani a vanat si jupuit 3 vulpi, un
lynx;
◦ pe 7.02.2011, inainte de a vana lynxul, s-a taiat
accidental la mana stanga
Prezentare de caz
Examen fizic
◦ Stare generala alterata;
◦ febril;
◦ ganglion superficial palpabil in axila stanga,
cu diam ~ 10cm, sensibil la palpare;
◦ SpO2 96%, pulmonar fara raluri;
◦ TA 90/50mmHg, AV 110bpm;
◦ fara alte modificari patologice.
Intrebarea 1.
Care este perioada de incubatie?
A. 29.01 –10.02
B. 29.01 – 12.02
C. 7.02 – 10.02
D. 7.02 – 12.02
Prezentare de caz
Investigatii
◦ Hemoleucograma: leucocitoza cu neutrofilie
◦ Sindrom inflamator: VSH
◦ Hemocultura
◦ Aspirat ganglionar
Intrebarea 2.
Ce examene solicitati pentru aspiratul
ganglionar?
A. izolarea pacientului
B. masuri uzuale de igiena si protectie
C. masuri speciale de igiena si protectie
D. chimioprofilaxia personalului medical
contact
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