Introduction to Orthodontics

Dr. Sanam Tauheed

Assistant Professor
Department of Orthodontics
 The Orthodontic Team
Senior Faculty
 Dr. Sanam Tauheed : HOD/Assistant Professor
 Dr. Sara Shah : Senior Registrar

Demonstrators
 Dr. Ayesha Jawed
 Dr. Sadaf Naz
 Dr. Sundus

Dental Assistants
 Mr. Danish
 Miss Shabana
 Recommended Course Books
 Introduction to Orthodontics by Laura Mitchell

 Contemporary Orthodontics by William R. Proffit

 Textbook of Orthodontics by Samir E. Bishara

 Course Outline
 Growth and development
 Development of dentition and occlusion
 Malocclusion
 Biomechanics
 Mechanics
 Orthodontic Appliances
 Orthodontic diagnosis and treatment
 Retention and stability
 Cephalometry
 Adjunctive Orthodontics
 Preventive and interceptive Orthodontics
 Clinical Rotation
Logbook

Patient History and Clinical

Examination
Impression Taking and Model
Making
Cephalometric Tracing and Analysis
Cast Analysis
Wire Bending Exercises
 Instruments
 What is Orthodontics?
Orthos – “straight, correct, perfect’

Dontos – “teeth”

‘Branch of dentistry that is concerned with facial

growth, development of dentition and occlusion and
with the diagnosis, supervision, guidance and
correction of malocclusions’
 Why do Orthodontics?
Improving tooth alignment

 Provides environment for good oral health

 Maintenance of oral hygiene
 Reduces risk of dental caries
 Reduces risk of periodontal disease
 Reduces the risk of trauma
 Provides functional efficiency

Improving facial esthetics

 Psychological status
 Temporomandibular joint problems
Aims of Orthodontics

Structural
Balance

Functional
Efficiency
 What Can We Achieve with
Orthodontic Treatment
 Alteration in tooth position

 Alteration in skeletal jaw positions

 Alteration of soft tissue relations

Branches of Orthodontics

Preventive Interceptive

Orthodontics

Corrective Surgical
 Preventive Orthodontics
 Action taken to preserve the integrity of what
appears to be normal occlusion at a specific time

 Prevention of potential interference with occlusal

development
Examples:
 Caries control – loss of arch length
 Occlusal interferences
 Anterior crossbites
 Interceptive Orthodontics
 Procedures taken to eliminate or reduce the
severity of malocclusion in a developing dentitions

 Reduces the need for future orthodontic treatment

 Corrective Orthodontics

 Procedures performed to correct a fully established

malocclusion
 Surgical Orthodontics
• Orthognathic surgery
• Combined orthodontic and surgical management
of severe skeletal problems
Common Orthodontic Terms
 Occlusion Vs Functional Occlusion
Vs Malocclsion

 Occlusion – When the teeth in the mandibular arch come

in contact with that of the maxillary arch, in any functional
relation

 Functional Occlusion – an occlusion which is free from

interferences to smooth gliding mandibular movements
without any pathology

 Malocclusion – deflection from normal relation of teeth

with those of the opposing arch
Overjet Vs Overbite
 Overjet – horizontal overlap of the anterior teeth
 Overbite – vertical overlap of anterior teeth

 Deep bite - increased vertical overlap of anterior

teeth

 Open bite - absence of vertical overlap of anterior

teeth
 Occlusal Relations
 Incisor Relationship – Class I, Class II Div 1, Class
II Div 2, Class III

 Canine Relationship – Class I, Class II, Class III

 Molar Relationship – Class I, Class II, Class III