WIRES & CABLES

Types Of Wires and Cables

Wires & Cables are purpose built conductors.
The size & type of wire/cable must suit the power
rating required for their use.The higher the power the
thicker the wire/cable.
Uses of Wires
Domestic & small industry Wiring in appliances
Uses of Cable
Small & big industries Distribution Lines
Transmission lines
 Wires
Various types of wires.
 1.VIR wire
 It is called vulcanized insulation rubber wire. Copper & aluminum
conductor and rubber coating are used in it. Now single & double braided
wires are mostly in a use. But it has lower tensile strength, chemical
reaction & bad insulation so it is not used.
 Suitable for: low & medium voltage supply only
 Old type: not readily available to purchase
 2. CTS & TRS wire:
It is called crab tyre sheath wire & tuff rubber sheath
wire. Hard & good rubber coating on copper wire is
used in this wire. Its used in house wiring & industrial
wiring.
Available in 250/440V only
3. Weather proof wire:
No weather reaction , in this types of wire. Because it has cotton breeding with
water proof. But it is flammable so no in use now.
4. LC wire:
It is called lead covered wire. Lead pipe on rubber insulation
& its coating on conductor. It is very good in moisture condition
but less tensile strength so low uses now.
5. MICC wire :
It is called mineral insulated copper covered wire. In this type wire copper
conductor coated is with magnesium oxide. And After copper coating is coated on it.
In case of moisture weather PVC coating (serving) is coated on its. It is uses in
mines, factory, furnace, boiler, rolling mills etc. magnesium oxide is used for
avoiding moisture problems.
6. PVC wire:
It is called poly vinyl chloride wire. PVC coating on copper conductor so its so many
advantages as follows.
(a)High dielectric strength
(b)High tensile strength
(c)More defense against moisture
(d)High life
(e)No disturb in vibration
Available in 600, 660, 1100 Voltage, Widely used Long life Durable against water, heat, oil,
UV light
 Three Core Wire
This is three core wire. It is pvc insulated wire. Its used for 1-
phase.
1.Black wire for Neutral
(Returns current to power source)
2.Red for live wire
(Provides current to appliance)
3.Green wire for earth
(Takes current to ground if appliance has fault) There is color
code used for wiring &supply.
 CABLE STRUCTURE
There is cable wire. Its
Use for power transmit ion.
1- core
2pvc insulation
3oil duct
4metallic screen
5rubber insulation
General construction & main parts of
cable
• Core
• Insulation
• Metallic sheath
• Bedding
• Armouring
Metallic Sheath: A power cable is an assembly of
two or more electrical conductors, usually held together with an
overall sheath. The assembly is used for transmission of electrical
power.
Armouring: Armoured cable is the name given to any electrical
cable constructed with a layer of aluminium wire armour or steel
wire armour. The armour sits below the sheath of the cable to
provide protection for the conductor and insulating layers.
Bedding: Cable bedding compounds are mainly used in multi-
conductor cables, filling the spaces between conductors and
making the cable round.
 Classification of Cables
Type of insulation
1.Cotton covered
2.Silk coated
3.Asbestos covered
4.Rubber coated
5.PVC coated
Type of conducting material
1.Copper
2.Aluminum
Shape
1. Flat
2. Round
Mechanical Protection
3. Unarmored
4. Armored

Voltage Rating
5. Low voltage cable.(1000V)
6. High voltage cable.(11KV)
7. Super tension cable.(upto 132kV)
8. Extra high tension.(132kV and more)
9. Ultra high voltage cables(400kV and more)
 Grading of cables
The voltage gradient is maximum at the surface of the
conductor and minimum at the inner surface of
the sheath (i.e., the stress decreases from
conductor surface to sheath). This causes
breakdown in the insulation. For avoiding this
breakdown, it is advisable to have more uniform
stress distribution throughout the dielectric. The
process of achieving uniform distribution in
dielectric stress is called the grading of cables.
 S.W.G. (standard wire gauge)

Introduction
A Instrument which is use for measure Cross Area
(gauge) of wire
Various uses of wire gauge
To measure Cross area of wire
To measure gauge
 Cable Termination
When a cable enters into an accessory its called a
termination or Cable termination is the process of
connecting power cables up to the final equipment or the
upstream circuit breaker.
Thimble or terminals must be used at termination points,
where thimble is the termination point which can be
connected to the source or load.
These must be as mechanically & electrically strong as
the conductor or device which it is used
 Cable Safety
Weather Proof
Rust proof
Free from wear and tear
Armoured
Good insulation
CAPACITY OF CARRING CONDUCUTERS
Wires: wiring is the nervous system for the
Electrical circuits below table shows the sizes of the
wires and its current carrying capacity.

Size in 1.0 1.5 2.5 4 6 10

(Sq. mm)

Current in 13 17 22 30 38 51
Amps
 WIRING
ACCESSORIES
These are 2 types:

1. Controlling accessories

2. Holding accessories
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF SWITCHES
1- WAY SWITCH 2-WAY SWITCHES

DP SWITCH(DOUBLE POLE SWITCHE)

REGULATORS, SOCKETS AND PLUGS

REGULATOR 2 PIN SOCKET 2 PIN PLUG 3 PIN SOCKET 3 PINPLUG

INDUSTRIAL SOCKET INDUSTRIAL PLUG

SWITCH MODULAR BOARDS PLATES
Mattel Modular boxes: PVC Modular boxes: Modular Plates:
DIFFERENT TYPES OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS
MCCB MCB RCCB
RCCB
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF DB

6way SPN, 8way SPN, 12way SPN 4way TPN, 6way TPN, 8way TPN, 12way TPN
 DIFFERENT TYPES OF ENRGY METER
1 - Phase Energy meter 25A to 30A 3 – Phase Energy meter 30A to 62A
BASIC DOMESTIC
WIRING
 Contents

Introduction

Types Wiring system

Types of wire

I.E. rule for wiring.

Domestic wiring panel

conclusion
STUDENT OCF
 Introduction

Wiring is electric circuit.

Wiring is systematic laying of wires for the

smooth flowing of electricity current at different
utility places with At most safety and precautions.
 Wiring Systems
Distribution board wiring system Tree type wiring system
WIRING DOMESTIC
WIRING

INDUSTRIAL
WIRING

STUDENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Types Of Wiring
 CLEAT
PVC wiring
TYPES
Of BATTERN TRS/CTS wiring

WIRING
Lead sheath wiring
Casing and
CASING CAPING
capping

Surface conduit
Conduit CONDUIT
Concealed conduit
 Metal conduit
Surface conduit wiring
P.V.C. conduit

Conduit wiring pvc conduit

Metal conduit

Concealed
conduit wiring
P.V.C. conduit
 Cleat wiring

It fit on the wall.

•Distance of half meter between two cleat.
•Vulcanized Indian rubber wire used.
•Temporary used.
•Wire are in the open atmosphere.
 Batten wiring

1. P.V.C. wire
2. TRS/CTS wire
3. Lead sheath wire
 Wooden casing capping wiring

•It fit on the wall with

help of screw.
•It protect wire against
mechanical
damage, Moisture, dust.
 PVC casing capping wiring

•Itbecome popular,
•Less cost,
•Easily fault detect
•Appearance of wiring is
good,
 Surface conduit wiring

•PVC, or metallic conduit

are used.
•PVC, VIR wire are used.
•Appearance is good.
•It protect wire against
mechanical damage,
Moisture, dust.
 Concealed conduit wiring

•PVC, or metallic conduit

are used.
•PVC, VIR wire are used.
•Appearance is good.
•It protect wire against
mechanical damage,
Moisture, dust.
General Rules For Domestic Wiring
 Cut-out on consumer’s premises

 Meters, maximum demand indicators

apparatus on consumer Premises.

 Weatherproof wire for service connection

sufficient current carrying capacity.

 All conductor/wire should be sage in all term of

voltage rating with proper insulation.

Each load point an appliances should be a independent

control switch.
.
Ever line or phase should be protected by suitable ratings fuse.

In metal conduit wiring metal conduit pipe continuously earthed

In any building. the wiring installation, There must be separate sub circuits for
light/fan/3 pin socket load and for 3 pin socket 15 Amp. power load.

 In any light/fan and the number of load points connected in one sub circuit should be
less than 10 OR 800 watts.

 In any power sub circuit, The maximum should not be more than 3000 watts and the
number of power point should be up to two only.

 The rating of fuse in any circuit should not be less than half the capacity of the lowest
size cable. In any sub-circuit the fuse rating should not be more than 5 amp.
The earthed terminals of all 3 pin sockets outlets and plugs should be
permanently connected to the earth wire.

 Sufficient number of 3 pin socket outlets should be provided at suitable

places in all rooms of the building

 In the bath rooms. The 3 pin socket should be at a height of not less than 1.5
m.
 All ceiling fans are to be hung 2.75 m above the floor level refer IS :4648
-1968.

 In the domestic wiring earth wire should be of 14 SWG GI for single phase
supply and for 3 phase supply system earth wire must be of 8 SwG GI.
 If the load on any domestic wiring installation exceeds 6.0 kw.Then 3 415 v.
50 Hz,4 wire supply should be used.The load on 3 phases should be properly
balanced.

 when the covered area in the building complex is more than 5000 m2 and the
total load is more than 1000kva.The separate sub station is required to be
installed.
Domestic wiring panel
Single Line Diagram Of Electrical
Installation
Line Diagram Of Service Line To Main
Switch Connection
Single Phase 2-Wire Line Diagram
3-Phase, 2-Wire, Load up to 6 kw
Plan Layout Of Electrical Installation
 Conclusion

After study the basic interdiction of Domestic

wiring. We can conclude about the types of wiring,
Types of wires, Line diagram of wiring, Main switch
panel, IE Rules, symbols etc..
THANK YOU