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Adverb - Ask yourself: "Does this answer 'When,' 'Where,' 'How,' or 'To
what extent?'?"
Predicate Nominative - Ask yourself: "Is it a noun?" "Does it rename
the subject?" "Is the verb a linking verb?"
Predicate Adjective - Ask yourself: "Does it modify the subject, yet is it
in the predicate?" "Is the verb a linking verb?"
Direct Object - Ask yourself: "Does this answer: 'verb + whom? or
what?'"
Indirect Object - Ask yourself: "Does this answer: 'for whom?' or 'to
whom?'?"
Gerund - Ask yourself: "Does it look like a verb even though it is part of
the subject?" or "Does it look like a verb even though it modifies
something else?"
Preposition - Ask yourself: "Does it show a relationship with 'the box'?"
(Examples: around the box, under the box, to the box)
Conjunction - Just remember this: FAN BOYS (F= for, A= and, N= nor,
B= but, O= or, Y= yet, S= so)
Luisa collects gems.
Monina bakes delicious cakes.
Leave me room.
• Peter read stories. TRANSITIVE
• Maria wrapped gifts. VERBS NEED A
• Mother gave advice. DIRECT OBJECT
• We work.
• She walks.
• Children grow.
Word groups as Sentence Elements
• Phrase
– Compound subject; compound predicate,
compound object
– Modifier; prepositional phrase
• Clause:
– Independent Clause – can stand on its own
– Dependent Clause – cannot stand on its
own; needs an independent clause to
support it.
Compound Subjects
cheesecake
Compound Indirect Objects
Dog cute
ar
but
s
cat
an
expensi
d
e
s ve
The woman sweeps the floor
ad
j.
The old woman sweeps the
dirty floor
ad
ad
j.
ajd.
con .
j.
.
sub
subje ver
ct b
The old woman with the dirty
broom sweeps the floor of her
house whenever she can.
Modifying a sentence
Sentences flesh out their skeletal parts with
secondary components called modifiers. Modifiers
can restrict the meaning of the word being modified:
restricting or defining
The man living in the apartment downstairs
is eighty-five years old.