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Physics 122B
122B
Electricity
Electricity and
and Magnetism
Magnetism
Lecture 16 (Knight: 31.9,10 & 32.1)
Grounding, RC Circuits, Magnetism
May 7, 2007
Martin Savage
Lecture 17 Announcements
Lecture HW Assignment #5 has been
posted on Tycho and is due at 10 PM on
Wednesday.
Check Tycho for your exam scores. If
there are missing parts, you may not have
put your name on your paper. See Helen
Gribble, C136 PAB, to fix such problems.
V=0
E 10 V
I 0.5 A
R 8 12
V1 (8 )(0.5 A) 4 V
I = - dQ/dt
Qf t
Q Q dQ dQ 1 dQ 1
VC VR IR R
C C dt
0
Q
RC
dt
Qi
Q
RC 0
dt
Qf t Qf t
ln exp Q f Qi e t / RC
Qi RC Qi RC
Exponential decay!
07/22/20 Physics 122B - Lecture 17 8
RC Exponential Decay
t / RC t / t
Q(t ) Q0 e Q0e I (t )
dQ(t ) Q0
e
RC
dt RC
Define RC time constant: RC
I 0 e t / RC I 0 e t /
1/ e 1/ 2.71828 0.367879
I0 Q0/RC
Example:
100 V 100 V
12.5 A
100 V
2.5 A 10 A 0 V
Q0 (9.0 10-6 C)
I0 0.90 A I (5 s) I 0e t / RC (0.90 A) exp( .5) 0.55 A
RC (10 s)
07/22/20 Physics 122B - Lecture 17 11
Charging a Capacitor
dQ 1
Using the Loop Law: E R Q0
dt C
t
dQ b RCt
Try: Q a be RC
, so e
dt RC
b RCt a b RCt
E e e a EC
C C C
dQ E b
At t 0, I b E C
dt R RC
t
t
Therefore, Q E C 1 e RC Qmax 1 e RC
(a) 5 s; (b) 4 s; (c) 2 s; (d) 1 s; (e) the capacitor does not discharge
because the resistors cancel.
P1 P2
Pump Rubber
Diaphragm
Bring the north poles of two bar magnets near to each other. Then
bring the north pole of one bar magnet near the south pole of another
bar magnet.
When the two north poles are brought near, a repulsive force
between them is observed. When the a north and a south pole are
brought near, an attractive force between them is observed.
When the north pole is brought near, the north-seeking pole of the
compass needle points away from the magnet’s north pole. Apparently
the compass needle is itself a little bar magnet.
Use a hacksaw to cut a bar magnet in half. Can you isolate the north
pole and the south pole on separate pieces?
No. When the bar is cut in half two new (but weaker) bar magnets
are formed, each with a north pole and a south pole. The same result
would be found, even if the magnet was sub-divided down to the
microscopic level.