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KEY WORDS AND TERMS:

Alternative tourism - individually planned tourist activity that explores destinations or events that are considered
out-of-the-ordinary
Cultural tourism - travel that focuses on learning about characteristics of life of the people in different destinations
Cultural transmission - the transfer of traits when different cultures meet
Culture - various characteristics of life shared by a group of people in a particular community or nation
Democratization - travel for all
Fully independent tourist (FIT) - traveller who makes all his or her own travel arrangements
Heritage conservancy - preservation of important cultural and physical environments
High culture - aspects of culture that include such activities as opera, ballet, and theatre
Mass tourism - organized movements of large groups of travellers to specialized tourist areas
Popular culture - current cultural practices and activities of a society's general public
Soccer hooligans -soccer fans who commit acts of violence against fans of other teams
Sports tourism - travel that focuses on attending sporting events
Transculturation - the integration of different traits from one culture to another
THE EFFECT OF CULTURE ON TRAVEL
Culture can be defined as a “set of belief, values, attitudes, habits, and
the forms of behavior that as shared by a society and are
transmitted from generation to generation.”

A knowledge of a country’s culture is important in order to understand

how individuals in that country will behave. Lack of understanding
and inability to communicate with the host culture might result in a
culture shock for the tourist.

For Example: (Give example of Culture Shock)

 THE IMPORTANCE OF CULTURE TOURISM
Culture tourism includes all aspects of travel in which people learn about
each other’s way of life. Tourism is an important means of promoting
culture relations and international cooperation.

Louis D’ Amore, past President of Canadian Travel Research Association,

once said “these millions of daily person-to-person encounters are
potentially a powerful force improved relations among the people and
nations of the world, relations, which emphasize a sharing and
appreciation of cultures rather than the lack of trust bred by isolation.”
 CULTURAL FACTORS WITH TOURIST APPEAL
There are culture factors that appeal greatly to tourist. These are art,
music and dance; handicraft, industry, and business, agriculture,
education, literature and language, science, government, religion,
food, and drink, history.
A. Art
The arts include performing arts and fine arts. The former refers
to live theater, music, and dance and the latter includes painting,
sculpture, graphic arts, and architecture.
For example;
B. MUSIC AND DANCE
In several countries, music is a major source of enjoyment
and satisfaction to tourist. The Philippines, Hawaii,
Spain, the United States, and the Balkan States.
An example of music in promoting tourism is that Hawaii
with its musical presentation, “Hawaii Calls.”
Dancing, in its native or ethnic forms, is one of the most
appealing aspects of a country’s culture and can be
presented as a tourist attraction.
C. HANDICRAFT
To satisfy tourist, gifts, and souvenirs for sale should be manufactured
in the country where the purchase is made. Usually, a tourist is
dissatisfied when he buys particular souvenir and then discovers
later that he bought was made in another country.
There is no substitute for genuineness. The locally produced article is
useful and attractive; is should be made available in conveniently
located shops. A visit to shops where handicrafts are actually being
made by the craftsman is an effective form of tourist entertainment.
D. INDUSTRY AND BUSINESS
Most travelers, particularly international travelers are usually curious about the
country’s industry, commerce, manufactured products, and its economic
situation.
Industry tours are a very effective way of developing an interest in the culture
of a country, as well as providing a potential market for the product being
made. Tourist organizations should encourage tours to factories or
processing plants. Lists of these industrial establishments can be prepared
by tourist promotional organizations, chambers of commerce, resorts hotels,
and restaurants.
Group tours can be organized for manufacturers of specific product who visit
another country to see how the manufacture of a similar product is
accomplished. Such tours are mutually profitable because the
representatives of the different countries learn from each other.
E. AGRICULTURE
The agriculture of a country may be interesting to a large
segment of tourists. Dairy undertaking, fresh fruits, and
vegetables, crops, and poultry and livestock are types of
farming, which are important element of culture. Local
agricultural products are sold to the travelers.
Examples of this are the rode sides stands selling fresh
fruits, vegetables, and products from nearly farms, which
are enjoyed by travelers.
 F. EDUCATION
The other country usually anxious to know the educational system of the other
country. The campuses of colleges and universities of a country are
particularly appealing to tourists.

Several universities conduct adult education programs within the university’s

continuing education service.

These educational opportunities attract students from many countries around

the world. Students are motivated to travel. Like International conference of
business and industrial associations, as will as scientific and educational
organizations. These centers attract thousand of adult every year from
continuing education courses, conferences, and meetings, which
educational in nature.
G. LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE
The literary achievements of a country form an important part of
travel motivation. Libraries are favorite cultural institutions
for the tourist. Many have very good in reading lounges, and
comfortable, attractive surroundings where visitors can enjoy
reading about the history, culture, arts and folkways of their
host country. They also doing entertainment programs just
for the guest and also for the readers.

A highly educated person is likely to speak or at least have

studied more than one language of the country they visit,
usually start learning common expressions used in ordering
food in restaurant and etc.
H. SCIENCE
Tourist are interested to know the scientific activities of a country,
specially those in technical industries, education, or scientific
research. Promotion organizations would be rendering great
service to the specific community by providing facilities for the
exchange information, organization of scientific, and other
activities, which provide scientific information to visitors.

The most popular scientific attractions are museums of science and

industry, planetariums, and visits to unusual scientific
installations such as atomic power plants and space exploration
centers. Zoos and Aquariums are likewise popular.
I. GOVERNMENT
Countries differ in their systems of government. Visits to centers of
government, such as capitals, are very motivating to individuals
interested In political science and government. When a person visits
another country, he becomes aware of the type of government in
operation and compares it with the government in his own country.
Lawmakers often visit another country to observe the lawmaking
process. Hearings on different proposed regulations or statutes are
usually open to visitors.
J. RELIGION
The religious pilgrimage is another motivation for travel.
The most popular among the Muslims is the pilgrimage
to Mecca. Many people go to the different headquarters
of their church organizations and to places that are well-
known in their religious literature. These people usually
travel in groups.
Examples,
K. FOOD AND DRINK
The food and drink of a country is an important part of the culture of a
country. Tourists usually enjoy native foods especially those which
are local or ethnic in nature.
Restaurants and hotels can make a good impression in the tourist if they
serve local dishes and explain the menu – what dish consist of and
how it is prepared. Atmosphere is conducive to the types of food
being served is particularly appealing to visitors.
L. HISTORY
The historical resources of the country reveal its culture heritage. The
preservation of the history and the quality and management of museums are
very important for the success of tourism. To be familiar with the history
and archeology of an area is a very important travel motivation. One of the
weaknesses observe in historical museums is that the explanations of the
exhibits are given in only one language.
Tourists should be provided with literature, the point of interest, admission of
fees, hours of operations, special events, and other information they need to
visit historical attractions.
Examples,