PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

JULIA PAULA DIOKNO CABRERA

BAUAN TECHNICAL HS
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JULIA PAULA DIOKNO CABRERA
BAUAN TECHNICAL HS
Review of Related Literature
(RRL)
 Definition
 Purpose
 Sources

JULIA PAULA DIOKNO CABRERA

BAUAN TECHNICAL HS
Explain it to me gently…
 Read the text on “Schizotypal
Personality Disorder”.
 Create a mind map/ concept map to
explain the text.
 5 minutes is given to accomplish the
task.
 Choose one representative from the
group to share your answer.
JULIA PAULA DIOKNO CABRERA
BAUAN TECHNICAL HS
Explain it to me gently…

JULIA PAULA DIOKNO CABRERA

BAUAN TECHNICAL HS
 HMMMM….
.

 Did everyone in the group understand the text

easily? If not, how did you make the other
members understand the text?
 What do you think is the skill required in
accomplishing the task?
 Do you think this skill is necessary in the
research process? Why?

JULIA PAULA DIOKNO CABRERA

BAUAN TECHNICAL HS
REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE (RRL)
At the end of the lesson, the learner must be
able to:
 Synthesize information from relevant
literature
 Write coherent review of related literature
 Follow ethical standards in writing related
literature
 Present written review of literature
JULIA PAULA DIOKNO CABRERA
BAUAN TECHNICAL HS
 HOW TO WRITE RRL: WHAT
TO COVER?
 Problem / Key issue which justifies the research
 Background Information i.e. historical, political,
cultural or scholarly
 Definitions of key words, concepts, topics etc.
 Theoretical Foundations
 Related studies, experiments or findings
 Current practice or issues
 Various arguments and viewpoints surrounding the
issue

JULIA PAULA DIOKNO CABRERA

BAUAN TECHNICAL HS
 HOW TO WRITE REVIEW OF
RELATED LITERATURE?
1. Consider whether the sources are current.
2. Begin by reading each article and starting to categorize
the areas or subtopics that each covers.
3. Cover the basic categories. It must contain at least three
basic elements: an introduction or
background information section; the body of the
review containing the discussion of sources; and, a
conclusion and/or recommendations section to end the
paper.
4. Use active verbs. (analyze, argues, assume, claim,
compare, distinguish, define, imply…)

JULIA PAULA DIOKNO CABRERA

BAUAN TECHNICAL HS
 HOW TO WRITE RRL:
1. Introduction: Gives a quick idea of the topic of the
literature review, such as the central theme or
organizational pattern.
2. Body: Contains your discussion of sources and is
organized either chronologically, thematically, or
methodologically. Use transitional words to connect
ideas.
3. Conclusions/Recommendations: Discuss what you
have drawn from reviewing literature so far. Where
might the discussion proceed?

JULIA PAULA DIOKNO CABRERA

BAUAN TECHNICAL HS
 Writing the Introduction:
 Identify the general topic of the sources under
discussion. Thus, you will provide the context of
your review of related literature;
 Discuss what was already presented about the
topic of your paper: conflicts in a theory,
conclusions, gaps in research and scholarship,
etc.
 Explain why the literature used is worth
reviewing.
JULIA PAULA DIOKNO CABRERA
BAUAN TECHNICAL HS
 Writing the Body:
 Group the sources according to their common
dominators (approaches, objectives or any
specific chronologies);
 Give the examples of how to sort out these
groups. Use quotations, evidences, data, etc. They
will make your review of related literature more
valid.

JULIA PAULA DIOKNO CABRERA

BAUAN TECHNICAL HS
 Writing the Conclusion:
 Summarize the contributions of the literature
sources made to the area of study you
investigate. Maintain the central focus in the
Introduction;
 Give a kind of insight into the relationship
between the topic of your review and a larger
study area (e.g. a discipline, a scientific
endeavor, etc.

JULIA PAULA DIOKNO CABRERA

BAUAN TECHNICAL HS
 HOW TO WRITE REVIEW OF
RELATED LITERATURE?
6. Use transitional devices. (also, additionally, again,
similarly, a similar opinion, however, conversely, on
the other hand…)
7. End the review with a synthesis. The synthesis presents
the relationship of the present study to the materials
reviewed. It also summarizes and emphasizes the
relevance of the reviewed materials to the present
study.
Note: For related studies, it is suggested that the researcher
mentions the similarities and differences of the past
investigation in comparison to the present study.

JULIA PAULA DIOKNO CABRERA

BAUAN TECHNICAL HS
 HOW TO WRITE REVIEW OF
RELATED LITERATURE?
8. Avoid “cut” and “paste”.
 Plagiarism is an act of quoting or copying the
exact words of the writer and passing the quoted
words off as your own words. The leading act of
plagiarism is using the words of the original text
in expressing your understanding of the reading
material.
 The right way to avoid plagiarism is to express
the borrowed ideas in your own words.
(Ransome, 2013)
JULIA PAULA DIOKNO CABRERA
BAUAN TECHNICAL HS
JULIA PAULA DIOKNO CABRERA
BAUAN TECHNICAL HS
 Synthesis of Reviewed Materials: Supply the most
appropriate transitional words
The study of Medrano et. al., (2002), and
the present study marked similarities in a way
that both studies dealt with a variable that
affects the job performance of employees.
_(1)_, the studies are also similar in the
research design used, the type of data-
gathering tool used and the statistical
treatments employed in the study. _(2)_, there
are differences in the context of the two
studies. The first study dealt with the
organizational climate _(3)_ the present study
dealt with personal problems. _(4)_, the areas
studied are different…. JULIA PAULA DIOKNO CABRERA
BAUAN TECHNICAL HS
 Synthesis of Reviewed Materials:

The study of Medrano et. al., (2002), and

the present study marked similarities in a way
that both studies dealt with a variable that
affects the job performance of employees.
Furthermore, the studies are also similar in
the research design used, the type of data-
gathering tool used and the statistical
treatments employed in the study. However,
there are differences in the context of the two
studies. The first study dealt with the
organizational climate while the present study
dealt with personal problems. Moreover, the
areas studied are different…. JULIA PAULA DIOKNO CABRERA
BAUAN TECHNICAL HS
 REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE (RRL)
 There are 4 types of entry that may be employed:
1. Quotation : the exact words of an author are
reproduced and enclosed in quotation marks. It is
important to copy the statement verbatim and to indicate
the exact page reference.
Example:
Context is influenced by these four factors: “language,
culture, institutions, and ideologies.” (Aranda, 2015,
p.18)

JULIA PAULA DIOKNO CABRERA

BAUAN TECHNICAL HS
 REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE (RRL)
2. Evaluation: record of the proponent’s reaction
indicating agreement or disagreement or interpreting the
point of view of the writer.
3. Summary: a shortened version of the original text that
is expressed in the proponent’s own language. Making the
text short, the proponent has to pick out only the most
important ideas or aspects of text.
 

JULIA PAULA DIOKNO CABRERA

BAUAN TECHNICAL HS
 REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE (RRL)
4. Paraphrase: the antithesis of summary
because instead of shortening the form of text,
the proponent has to explain what the text means
to him/her using the own words of the
proponent. In doing so, it is possible that the
explanations may decrease or exceed the number
of words of the original text.

JULIA PAULA DIOKNO CABRERA

BAUAN TECHNICAL HS
 Let’s vault in!
 Each group will be given an article.
 The task: Summarize the article by identifying
the main idea and the supporting details.
 Make sure to state the details in your own
words.
 Use matrix in recording your answer.
 Be ready to present your output to the class.

JULIA PAULA DIOKNO CABRERA

BAUAN TECHNICAL HS
Let’s vault in!
MAIN TOPIC

TOPIC SENTENCE

SUPPORTING DETAILS:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

JULIA PAULA DIOKNO CABRERA

BAUAN TECHNICAL HS
 Again… again…
 Why is related literature important in the
research process?
 What are the things that we need to
remember in writing the review of
related literature?
 How do we write the review of related
literature?

JULIA PAULA DIOKNO CABRERA

BAUAN TECHNICAL HS
 Let’s do it!
 Look for at least 5 related literatures
about your chosen research topic.
 Write a review of related literature
using the references you found.
 Make sure to write a synthesis for the
related literature

JULIA PAULA DIOKNO CABRERA

BAUAN TECHNICAL HS
Rubric:
 Coherence – 10 points

 Technical – 10 points
 Completeness – 10 points

Total = 30 points

JULIA PAULA DIOKNO CABRERA BAUAN TECHNICAL HS