Signals & Systems

Lecture – 02
Date: 17.07.2020
 Standard Signal
(Elementary Signals)

2
System is an entity that processes a set of signals (inputs) to yield another
set of signals (outputs).
Basic Elementary Signals
The elementary signals are used for analysis of
systems. Such signals are,
(1) Impulse
(2) Step
(3) Ramp
(4) Parabolic
  (5) Exponential
  (6) Sinusoidal
1. Impulse signal:
 
• The impulse signal has amplitude of A for t=0 and
amplitude of 0 value for all other t value.
• It is represented by
(Mostly X axis  time & Y axis amplitude)
 
CT Impulse signal DT Impulse signal
Unit Impulse signal:
 
• The impulse signal has amplitude of 1 for t=0 and
amplitude of 0 value for all other t value.
 
CT Unit Impulse signal DT Unit Impulse signal
2. Step signal:
 
·            The step signal has amplitude of A for positive value of time
and amplitude of 0 for negative value of time. It’s Denoted by u(t).
(Mostly X axis  time & Y axis amplitude)

CT step signal u(t) DT step signal u(n)

CT Unit Step signal DT Unit Step signal
3. Ramp signal:
 
·            The amplitude of every sample is linearly increased by A
with the positive value of time. It’s Denoted by r(t).
Mathematical expression of ramp is

CT ramp signal r(t) DT ramp signal r(n)

Unit Ramp signal:
 
·            The amplitude of every sample is linearly increased with
the positive value of time. It’s Denoted by r(t).
Mathematical expression of ramp is

CT unit ramp r(t) DT unit ramp r(n)

4. Parabolic signal:
 
·         Parabolic signal gives the constant acceleration distinction
of actual input signal. It’s Denoted by p(t).

CT ramp signal p(t) DT ramp signal p(n)

Unit Parabolic signal:
 

CT ramp signal p(t) DT ramp signal p(n)

5. Exponential signal
Growing Decaying
Exponential Exponential
Sinusoidal Sinusoidal
s =+ve s = -ve
6. Sinusoidal signal
 A continuous time sinusoidal signal is given by,

 A CT Cosinusoidal signal is given by,

Signum Function
Rectangular Pulse or Gate Function
t a/
Rectangular pulse, 1/ a ,
  t  
a
, 2t  a /
0
2

 The Unit Rectangle Function
The unit rectangle or gate signal can be represented as
combination of two shifted unit step signals as shown
Triangular Pulse Function
Sinc Function
sinc t  sin  t


t
Gaussian Function
Find the name of given s/l?
Find the name of given s/l?
THANK
YOU ALL