Media Pembelajaran

PATHWAY TO
ENGLISH
Kelompok Peminatan

Untuk SMA/MA Kelas XII

Chapter 3

What Is Corruption?
Terminology
• Words: the smallest meaningful
bits of a sentence.
• Each word has their own class.
A verb tells what happens.
A noun names things.
An adjective modifies a noun.
• Clause: the basic unit of
English grammar
• A clause is made up of
at least a subject and a
verb.
• A sentence may consist
of one or more clauses.
Adjective/Relative Clause
To describe things or to
give additional information.
A relative pronoun is
usually used to introduce
and adjective clause.
The words which, that,
whose, whom and who in
the examples are relative
pronouns.
Examples:
An English newspaper which
was published in August has
become famous.
Chasing someone who
committed graft.
The man who is standing next
to the standing lamp is my
teacher.
Kinds of Adjective Clauses

1. Non-defining Clauses Ex.:

The information is People Power, which toppled
additional and the corrupt regime of Ferdinand
unessential. Marcos in 1986, was very
phenomenal.
The clauses always begin
The information in a clause
and end with a comma. between commas is considered
The determiner that is not unessential to be stated. People
used in these clauses. Power was a phenomenal group
so readers/listeners will know
what group is referred to.
Kinds of adjective clauses

2. Defining clauses Ex.:

The information is Corruption in India is a major
important to give issue that adversely affect its
readers/listeners a clue. economy.
Don’t use commas and The clause gives important
use that as the information that as a major
determiner. issue in India, corruption
strongly influences India’s
economy.
Ways to Say
It
Asking for Information
•Could you tell me…?
•I’m interested in…?
•Could I ask you…?
•I’d like to know….?
•Do you know…?
Participle Phrases
It represents the predicate
part of a phrase beginning
with the verb with an addition
of –ing or –ed.
The present participle
phrases indicate the active
voice, while the past
participle phrases indicate
the passive voice.
Examples:
•Famous demonstrations,
overthrowing the corrupt
regime of Ferdinand Marcos in
1986, were known as ‘People
Power’
•In 2005, a study conducted
by Transparency International
reported that more than 62%
of Indians had first-hand
experience of paying bribesor
nepotism.
Finite vs Non-finite Clauses
Finite Clauses
Can be main clauses or
subordinate clauses.
Time of action can be seen from
the verb used.
Ex.: The demonstrations feel the
spirit of People Power which
succeeded in throwing the corrupt
regime of Ferdinand Marcos in
1986.
Non-finite Clause
Always subordinate clauses.
Verbs used don’t showed the
time of action.
Ex.: It aims to help
developing countries recover
assets stolen by corrupt
leaders.