Personal

“
comes from the Latin
word persona which
means “masks”
 According to Kagan and Havemann…

total pattern of characteristic ways

DEFINITIONS
of behaving and thinking that
OF constitute the individual’s unique and
PERSONALITY distinctive method of adjusting to his
environment.
 According to Ruch…

DEFINITIONS particular pattern or organization of

OF
traits both inner and outer ones.
PERSONALITY
 According to Morgan…

DEFINITIONS study of the individual as a whole

OF and of the interplay between and
PERSONALITY other individuals in the normal course
of living.
 O
“the sum total of all a person’s
traits and the total impression
DEFINITIONS
OF
an individual makes upon
PERSONALITY people around him.”
O
 COMPONENTS OF PERSONALITY

Mental Social Moral

Physical
 Physical Traits
COMPONENTS
OF
Appearance: height, weight, color
PERSONALITY of hair, eyes, etc.
 Mental Traits
COMPONENTS Intelligence, talents, and abilities.
OF
PERSONALITY
 Social Traits
COMPONENTS Manners, introvert or extrovert.
OF
PERSONALITY
 Moral Traits
COMPONENTS Honesty, sincerity, punctuality,
OF insincerity.
PERSONALITY
Why people
are different
from one
another?
 Theories of Personality
(1) Hippocrates’
(6) Alfred Adler’s
(2) William Sheldon’s
(7) Karen Horney’s
(3) Carl Jung’s
(8) Erich Fromm’s
(4) Ernst Kretschmer’s
(9) Abraham Maslow’s
(5) Sigmund Freud’s
Hippocrates suggested that
there are four fundamental
personality types based on
the predominant body fluid
or humors.
 CHOLERIC

Yellow bile

full of bursting energy and

ambition, confident, overbearing
and passionate.
 sanguine

blood

people-orientated and infectiously

optimistic about life, sociable, and
charismatic
 melancholic

Black bile

crave time alone, serious, intense

and moody, sensitive, perfectionistic
and careful in decision making
 phlegmatic

phlegm

quiet, relaxed and stable people,

meek, submissive, loyal and
trustworthy
 SOMATOTYPE
THEORY
William Sheldon correlated
body build with personality
types.
Sensitive Energetic Sociable

Restrained Aggressive Affectionate

Isolate Competitive Cheerful

Intelligent Brave Self-

indulgent
Ernst Kretschmer concluded that
certain mental disorders were
more common among people of
specific physical types:
Asthenic
Pyknic
Athletic
Asthenic Athletic Pyknic

MANIC-
SCHIZOPHRENIA
DEPRESSIVE
 LIBIDO
Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic
theory had three components:
(1) Id
(2) Ego
(3) Super-ego
Aggression and superiority

Alfred Adler identified four person

types
1) Ruling type Dominant and Aggressive

2) Leaning type Sensitive and tend to rely on others

Low energy and reserve

3) Avoiding type

Healthy and adequate

4) Socially useful type
 Karen Horney
Anxiety and insecurity

People may cope with insecurity by:

(1) moving toward people
(2) moving against people
(3) moving away from people
Carl Jung classified people as:
(1) Introvert
(2) Extrovert
(3) Ambivert
 Erich Fromm
SATISFACTION OF MAN’S BASIC NEEDS
Relatedness- relationship with others based on
love
Transcendence- need to rise above his animal
nature.
Rootedness- relationship with others based on
brotherliness
Identity- feel he is unique
Frame of orientation- need for stable and
Abraham Maslow

SELF-ACTUALIZATION