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Chapter 8
Lubrication

Lubrication • Lubricant Application • Lubrication Programs

 Chapter
Chapter 88 —
— Lubrication
Lubrication

Objectives
• Describe lubrication.
• Explain the coefficient of friction.
• Describe gas lubricants.
• Describe liquid lubricant and their properties.
• Describe semisolid lubricants and their properties.
• Describe solid lubricants and their properties.
• Identify common types of lubricant application and
contamination.
• Explain why lubrication programs should be established
within an organization.
© 2016 by American Technical Publishers
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 Chapter
Chapter 88 —
— Lubrication
Lubrication

Fluid lubricants, which

include gas, liquid, and
semisolid lubricants, must
create a film between
material surfaces to prevent
contact with each other.

© 2016 by American Technical Publishers

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 Chapter
Chapter 88 —
— Lubrication
Lubrication

The coefficient of friction is

the measure of the
frictional force between two
surfaces in contact.

© 2016 by American Technical Publishers

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 Chapter
Chapter 88 —
— Lubrication
Lubrication

Cleaned, unlubricated
metals contain a degree of
lubrication from elements
in the atmosphere, such as
oxygen and moisture.

© 2016 by American Technical Publishers

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 Chapter
Chapter 88 —
— Lubrication
Lubrication

Oxides that form on sliding metals are considered boundary

lubricants and are thickened and strengthened by the
addition of certain chemicals.

© 2016 by American Technical Publishers

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 Chapter
Chapter 88 —
— Lubrication
Lubrication

All animals and plants release hydrocarbons that, when

absorbed into the earth’s surface, combine to form pools of
gas and crude oil.

© 2016 by American Technical Publishers

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 Chapter
Chapter 88 —
— Lubrication
Lubrication

Crude oil must be processed to become a uniform and

dependable product.

© 2016 by American Technical Publishers

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 Chapter
Chapter 88 —
— Lubrication
Lubrication

Shear stress is stress in which the material on one side of a

surface pushes on the material on the other side of the
surface with a force parallel to the surface.

© 2016 by American Technical Publishers

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 Chapter
Chapter 88 —
— Lubrication
Lubrication

Commercial lubricating oil

is categorized by six
different groups with each
group designed for a
specific application.

© 2016 by American Technical Publishers

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 Chapter
Chapter 88 —
— Lubrication
Lubrication

The National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI) has

established a series of nine grease consistency grades.

© 2016 by American Technical Publishers

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 Chapter
Chapter 88 —
— Lubrication
Lubrication

Grease base thickeners

are chosen according to
the temperature and
viscosity demands placed
on the lubricating product.

© 2016 by American Technical Publishers

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 Chapter
Chapter 88 —
— Lubrication
Lubrication

Oil lubrication may be

applied to bearing elements
by submersion, wick, drip,
or centralized systems.

© 2016 by American Technical Publishers

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 Chapter
Chapter 88 —
— Lubrication
Lubrication

Greases are applied by grease guns, grease cups, or

centralized systems.

© 2016 by American Technical Publishers

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 Chapter
Chapter 88 —
— Lubrication
Lubrication

Regreasing a motor may include purging the old grease from

between the shaft and the housing.

© 2016 by American Technical Publishers

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 Chapter
Chapter 88 —
— Lubrication
Lubrication

Oil analysis is a predictive maintenance technique that

detects and analyzes the presence of acids, dirt, fuel, and
wear particles in lubricating oil to predict equipment failure.

© 2016 by American Technical Publishers

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 Chapter
Chapter 88 —
— Lubrication
Lubrication

Review
1. Aside from reducing friction, list three additional ways
lubricant helps ensure smooth and safe operation of
tools and machines.
2. When do the effects of boundary lubrication mostly
occur?
3. Define chemisorption.
4. What is a liquid lubricant used for and why is it the
preferred lubricant?
…Continued on next slide

© 2016 by American Technical Publishers

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 Chapter
Chapter 88 —
— Lubrication
Lubrication

Review (Continued)
5. List three examples of lubricant additives and explain
how each one protects a machine from harm.
6. What does the viscosity index scale show?
7. What are SAE viscosity ratings based on?
8. List two advantages of using synthetic fluid as
opposed to petroleum-based lubricant.
9. Define semisolid lubricant.
…Continued on next slide

© 2016 by American Technical Publishers

All rights reserved
 Chapter
Chapter 88 —
— Lubrication
Lubrication

Review (Continued)
10. Explain how an increase in temperature affects
grease consistency.
11.Determine why graphite is useful as a solid lubricant
and explain why it is not useful when humidity is absent.
12. Explain why oil must be replenished in order to
ensure all parts within a mechanical apparatus receive the
proper amount of lubrication.
13. List the four systems associated with oil application.
14. Define oil analysis.
15. What does the practice of wear particle analysis
focus on?
© 2016 by American Technical Publishers
All rights reserved