AIR CORE TRANSFORMERS

AND WIRELESS CHARGING

INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION

Inductive WPT Magnetic Resonance WPT

COIL DESIGN FOR MAGNETIC RESONANT CHARGERS
COIL’S MATERIAL

Litz coil has low wire losses

 Skin Effect

  𝜌𝑙
𝑅 𝐷𝐶 =
𝑆
Proximity Effect
USAGE OF LITZ WIRE

Copper conductor

Copper Litz wire

INSERTION OF FERROMAGNETIC MATERIAL

Different geometries of ferrite cores used in WPT

INSERTION OF FERROMAGNETIC MATERIAL

High permeable material is used to reduce core losses System is functioned in linear zone to minimize hysteresis

Saturation zone

ne
r zo
a
Line
MAGNETIC SHIELDING

Aluminum magnetic shield

MAGNETIC SHIELDING

Shielding effectiveness:
 
  : magnetic field intensity due to shielding
 : magnetic field intensity without shielding
CONDUCTIVE MAGNETIC SHIELDING
CONDUCTIVE MAGNETIC SHIELDING

Shield Effectiveness of Conductive Shield:

 

  : thickness of the shielding

Good Conductor Poor Conductor

Penetration depth:
  1
𝛿=
√ 𝜋 𝑓 𝜇𝜎
COMPENSATION NETWORKS

 The main functionality of the compensation network is to resonate with its associated coil so
that the reactive power supply is minimized. In the context of wireless charger, the
compensation networks are designed to improve both the efficiency and the power transfer
capability.
 WITHOUT COMPENSATION NETWORKS

 To understand the importance of the compensation networks, the analysis of the coupled coils
without these elements is presented below.
 Studying the efficiency now, we get:

  𝑅𝐿
𝜂= 2 2
( 𝑅 2 + 𝑅 𝐿 ) + ( 𝜔 𝐿2 )
𝑅 𝐿 + 𝑅 2 + 𝑅1 2 2
𝜔 𝑀
 
 By using a proper compensation network,
we observed that we can increase the
efficiency by suppressing the term by using
compensation networks.
WITH COMPENSATION NETWORKS

 The primary compensation network is

included in the system to compensate the
reactive power generated by the source.
As a consequence, the power delivered to
the load is increased.
 A correctly designed compensation
networks is able to increase the efficiency.
STABILITY OF THE COMPENSATION NETWORKS

 Magnetic resonance chargers are usually designed to operate under resonant conditions.
 However, their real operation may occur with a different configuration due to misalignment.
 As a result, the mutual inductance and the reflected impedance vary.
 Thus, this deviation could mean that the system does not operate under resonant conditions.
 To cope with this eventuality, stability of the system must be studied and bifurcation
phenomena should be avoided.
WHAT IS BIFURCATION
PHENOMENA?

Electrical Magnitude
(V,A,...)
 In the WPT context, the bifurcation phenomenon refers to the situation
in which there is more than one Zero Phase Angle (ZPA) frequency in
the input impedance of the system .

Input Impedance Angle (°)

 As a result, some electrical magnitudes (for example: power delivered
  
to the load) have more than one maximum at the frequencies with null
reactance.
 If this effect has not been evaluated, the peak values could damage or
deteriorate some of the electronics in the wireless charger.
MONO-RESONANT COMPENSATION NETWORKS

 There are four mono-resonant compensation topologies.

 These topologies are: Series–Series (SS), Series–Parallel (SP), Parallel–Series (PS) and Parallel-Parallel (PP).

 We are going to discuss the Series-Series analysis as the others are carried in the same manner.
SERIES–SERIES TOPOLOGY

 From this topology is:

 In order to have a purely ohmic input impedance, the reactive term must be
null.

 With , is suppressed. Thus,

  

 Bifurcation phenomenon is avoided when the following condition is verified:

Where and are respectively the primary and secondary quality factors
BEHAVIOR

With Bifurcation
Without Bifurcation
THANK YOU

DONE BY:
SARA GHAMLOUSH (5548)
AHMAD DABAJA (5461)
ABED SHAAR (5438)