DECELERATE HUMAN

TRANSMISSION OF COVID-19
PHILIPPINE EXPERIENCE:

Bravo Coy 1st SQUAD

 PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH

This study had two (2) purposes, to wit:

1. to have some clench as to the history of COVID 19 and how it is transmitted from one
person to another; and
2. to make an action plan on how to slow down or lessen its transmission while waiting for the
release of the covid19 vaccine.
 COVID-19 BASIC INFO

• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2)
Formerly called Novel Coronavirus
(2019-nCOV)
 Coronavirus (CoVs) are a large group  Some regularly cause mild respiratory
of viruses illness in people
 You need powerful microscopes to
see them
 Corona means crown

 They infect a wide range of mammals

and birds
 SARS-COV-2 IS A NEW
CORONAVIRUS

 SARS-CoV-2 originated in bats  Middle Eastern Respiratory

 Special corona viruses have jumped species and
can be transmitted between people
 This is the third corona virus since 2002:
 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
(SARS) CoV emerged in Guangdong,
China, in 2002
Syndrome(MERS) CoV emerged in the
Middle East in 2012
 SARS-CoV-2 emerged in Wuhan, China, in
December 2019
 December 31, 2019 – SARS-CoV2 was
first reported in Wuhan City, Hubei
Province of China
 TYPICAL SYMPTOMS

• The normal body temperature is between about 36 and 37° C, but this can vary from person
to person and from hour to hour.
• Most centers define fever as body temperature higher than 38°C.
• Temperature between 37.5 and 38.5°C may indicate a low-grade fever.
 TYPES OF PATIENTS (COVID-19)

1. Asymptomatic Patients- patients who are COVID positive but do not exhibit nor develop
any symptoms throughout the course of the disease.

2. Pre-symptomatic Patients- patients who are COVID positive but have not yet exhibited
symptoms, they are in the early stages of the disease.

3. Symptomatic Patients- patients who are COVID positive and have already developed
signs and symptoms compatible with COVID-19 virus infection.
 HOW DOES IT SPREAD?

• The SARS-COV-2 spreads primarily through droplets of saliva or discharge from the nose,
generated when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
-World Health Organization
HOW DOES IT SPREAD?

Airborne Transmission
 HOW DOES IT SPREAD?
Types of Droplet Transmission:
Indirect: Surface Transmission
 HOW DOES IT SPREAD?

Droplet Transmission
1. Direct:
Person-to-Person
Transmission
2. Indirect: Surface Transmission
 COVID IN THE PHILIPPINES
The first case of COVID-19 in the Philippines was confirmed on January 30, 2020.
The diagnosed patient was a 38-year-old Chinese woman from Wuhan, who had
arrived in Manila from Hong Kong on January 21.
The second case was confirmed on February 2, a 44-year-old Chinese male who
was the companion of the first case. His death on February 1 was the first recorded
outside China. He suffered from co infection with influenza and Streptococcus
pneumoniae.
On February 5, the DOH confirmed a third case in a 60-year-old Chinese woman
who flew into Cebu City from Hong Kong on January 20 before she traveled to
Bohol where she consulted a doctor at a private hospital on January 22, due to
fever and rhinitis.
After over a month without recording any cases, the Philippines confirmed its first
local transmission on March 7, a 60-year-old man with a history of hypertension and
diabetes who experienced symptoms on February 25 and was admitted to a
hospital on March 1 when he experienced pneumonia. He had last visited a Muslim
prayer hall in San Juan.
The DOH confirmed that the fifth case had no travel history outside the Philippines and is,
therefore, the first case of local transmission
 A sixth case was later confirmed, that of a 59-year-old woman who is the wife of the fifth
case.
On March 7, 2020, the Department of Health (DOH) raised its "Code Red Sub-Level 1," with
a recommendation to the President of the Philippines to impose a "public health emergency"
authorizing the DOH to mobilize resources for the procurement of safety gear and the
imposition of preventive quarantine measures.
On March 9, President Rodrigo Duterte issued Proclamation No. 922, declaring the country
under a state of public health emergency.
On March 12, President Duterte declared "Code Red Sub-Level 2," issuing a partial
lockdown on Metro Manila to prevent a nationwide spread of COVID-19.
The lockdowns were expanded on March 16, placing the entirety of Luzon under an
"enhanced community quarantine" (ECQ). Other local governments outside Luzon followed
in implementing similar lockdowns.
 On March 17, President Duterte issued Proclamation No. 929, declaring the Philippines
under a state of calamity for a tentative period of six months.
On March 20, four facilities, namely the Southern Philippines Medical Center in Davao City,
Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical Center in Cebu City, Baguio General Hospital and Medical
Center in Benguet, and the San Lazaro Hospital in Manila (where the first case was
admitted to), began conducting tests as well augmenting the RITM. Other facilities began
operations as well in the following days.
On March 25, the President signed the Bayanihan to Heal as One Act, which gave him
additional powers to handle the outbreak.
on April 7 accepted the recommendation of the Inter-Agency Task Force on Emerging
Infectious Diseases (IATF-EID) to extend the ECQ in Luzon until April 30.
Quarantine measures raised throughout the country.
The DOH reported an overwhelmingly high number of recoveries on July 30, as the
department began its "Oplan Recovery" to clear out its discrepancies with LGU counts.
The first set of "mass recovery" was recorded on July 30 with 37,180 recoveries. From July
30, recovery reconciliations will be reported every 15 days.
The country eventually had the most number of COVID-19 cases in
Southeast Asia when it finally breached Indonesia's total number of
confirmed COVID-19 cases.
The Philippine Genome Center (PGC) detected a new strain of the SARS-
CoV-2 virus in the country. The new strain is said to contain the presence of
a globally dominant variant of the virus and has been associated with the
sudden increase of new cases in the country in July.
By August 18, the DOH has identified 1,302 COVID-19 clusters throughout
the country with the majority being located in Metro Manila.
 LINES OF EFFORT TO LESSEN
TRANSMISSION OF COVID19 IN THE
COMMUNITY:
 Enhanced Community
Quarantine (Lock Down)
 Enhanced Monitoring
and Response
 ANOTHER STRATEGIC APPROACH IS THE PREVENT-DETECT-
ISOLATE-TREAT-REINTEGRATE (PDITR) STRATEGY OF THE
GOVERNMENT. THIS STRATEGY IS LAID DOWN AS FOLLOWS:

PREVENT DETECT
• Washing of hands for 20 seconds. • Aggressive Contact Tracing
• Physical Distancing • Expanded Community Testing
• Wearing of facemasks
• Personal Hygiene ISOLATE
• Community Lockdown • Isolation facilities for mild/ asymptomatic
• Observance in Public spaces, Workplace cases
and at home • Community Protocols for positive cases
• Construction support for government
hospitals
 TREAT
• One Hospital Command
• Mega Temporary Treatment and Monitoring Facility
• Public and Private referred hospitals

REINTEGRATE
• Minimum Health Standards
• Awareness for possible reinfection
• Social Healing
• Economic Recovery
OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
ALSO PROVIDED MEASURES TO
DECELERATE THE SPREAD OF THE
SUBJECT VIRUS:
 DEPARTMENT OF
TRANSPORTATION
1.Physical Distancing on Public Transport Vehicle under General Community
Quarantine (GCQ) Areas on:
- Public Utility Bus
- Shuttle Service
- UV Express
-Taxi and Transport Network Vehicles (TNVS)
- Public Utility Jeepneys
- Tricycle
2. Wearing of face shield and facemask required inside public transportation.
3. Disinfection of public transport vehicles.
 DEPARTMENT OF
TRANSPORTATION
 DEPARTMENT OF
TRANSPORTATION
• Administer RT PCR and Rapid Test to individuals repatriated OFWs
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
 LEARNING DELIVERY
MODALITIES (DEPED)
1. Face to face
- Subject to physical distancing with minimum health standards.
2. Distance Learning
-takes place between the teacher and the learners who are geographically remote from each
other during instruction
3 types:
a. ONLINE DISTANCE LEARNING (ODL)
b. MODULAR DISTANCE LEARNING (MDL)
c. TV/RADIO BASED INSTRUCTION
3. Blended Learning
-combination of the face-to-face and online distance learning, modular learning and tv/radio based
instruction.

4. Homeschooling
-facilitated by qualified parents and guardians or tutors who have undergone relevant training and
subject to regulation.

NON-ECQ/GCQ: ECQ/GCQ:
-face to face -Distance Learning
-blended learning -Homeschooling

-homeschooling
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (DOH)
- Continuously monitors the COVID-19 cases in the country and disseminated information
using the social media and other online platforms.
- Delivered PPE sets to various hospitals in the country.
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNIT(LGU)/CITY DISASTER
RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT COUNCIL

• Continuous contact tracing of residents who were in contact with COVID positive person.
• Setup checkpoints in every entry and exit of each municipality. c. Issued Executive Orders re
Prohibition of Social Gathering, Observance of Curfew, hygiene station in all business
establishments, and price freeze for all basic commodities.
• Activate Barangay Health Emergency Response Teams (BHERTs). e. Implemented the triage
protocols for individuals/ LSIs arriving to its respective AORs from other provinces and
regions
• Promulgate and strongly recommend all Local Legislative Councils to issue ordinances for
CURFEW from 8:00 PM to 5:00 AM subject to necessary guidelines.
• Ensure that social distancing and community quarantine will be adopted.
• Put up visual signage at the respective city halls to ensure compliance with social distancing
protocols and strengthen the fight against COVID19.
• Continuous implementation of Mobile Pharmacy to distribute medicine, vitamins, and some
proper hygiene equipment at Barangays.
• Continuous conduct of rapid testing of City Government Staff before they return to their
respective jobs.
• To bike lanes along the main roads to safeguard the increasing number of commuters and
citizens who use bicycle as means of transportation.
• To Conduct ocular inspection in supermarkets to ensure social distancing and wearing of
face masks are strictly followed.
• To Conduct Expanded Targeted Testing and Launching of Mobile Swabbing Booth.
 DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR AND
LOCAL GOVERNMENT (DILG)
• Continuously monitors compliances for various directives, protocols, and ordinances
concerning COVID-19.
• Continuously monitors the National Contact Tracing Report.
• Enhance the DOH-DILG harmonized template and technical notes on contact tracing.
• Integrated contact tracing data from StaysafePH, COVIDKAYA, Tanod, etc. into one single
platform.
 PHILIPPINE INFORMATION
AGENCY
• Produce relevant news releases, • Monitor situation reports and to disseminate
informational videos, infographics, briefings Text Blasts.
and continuous countering of fake news,
sharing of best practices and monitors
sitreps.
• Infographics / Socmed cards, and Briefings
on PIA-NCR Facebook.
 DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
(DICT)
• Ensure the provision of technical support to • Monitored cyber threats and conduct of
fast-track the flow of goods, emergency Information Sharing for Situational
responders and other priority vehicles i.e. Awareness.
Rapid Pass.
• Provided connectivity to government
facilities including health facilities and
quarantine facilities.
 ACTION PLAN TO DECELERATE COVID 19
TRANSMISSION

A. IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT OPERATORS:

1. PREPAREDNESS

- it is important to acknowledge that pandemic planning is not a stand-alone project, but should be
integrated with existing crisis management structures and procedures in order to be effective.
- Staff information is a key element of communication planning and reassurance is needed, as a major
disease outbreak will be a key topic within media and public discussion.
- Follow related communications of the responsible authorities to stay informed on latest advise for your
country or region.
2. PERSONAL PROTECTION

-Personal protection measures are suitable for all public transport networks regardless of risk level.
- As a general measure, staff should be reminded of required basic rules of personal hygiene, which
includes to regularly wash hands, to sneeze and cough into the elbow and to use paper towels.
- Information bulletins are widely available and should be displayed throughout the premises.
- Public transport operators should obtain local and/or national advice on the use of masks and
recommended types of masks.
- Cleaning routines may have to be adapted and increased focus should be put on disinfecting common
surfaces and spots to touch as well as waste disposal.
- For working places, where no cleaning may be possible between shifts, employees should be equipped
with the necessary means and be made responsible to remove any waste and disinfect surfaces before
taking over as part of the routine.
- Staff that has to tend sick travellers, clean body fluids or potentially contaminated items and surfaces,
should wear disposable gloves.
3. REDUCTION OF CONTACT
-Customer service staff/Cashier should only be available in information booths or desks with
sufficient distance to passengers.
-Avoid ticket inspection (bus ticket) during an outbreak as inspectors would be exposed to a
very high risk of getting infected.

4. REDUCED SERVICE
-reduction of service will likely correspond with a reduced travel demand due to closing of
schools and general advise to stay at home if possible.
-Public transport is a backbone of local and national economy and an essential service to be
maintained as long as reasonable.
B. AT WORK PLACE

 Frequently wash your hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds. When soap and running
water are unavailable, use an alcohol-based hand rub with at least 60% alcohol. Always wash hands
that are visibly soiled.

 Avoid touching your eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands.

 Practice good respiratory etiquette, including covering coughs and sneezes.

 Avoid close contact with people who are sick.

 Stay home if sick.

 Recognize personal risk factors. (heart, lung disease, diabetes etc.)

 PREVENTIVE MEASURES TO
PREVENT COVID19 INFECTION

1. Personal Protection and Hygiene

     The practice of personal cleanliness and hygiene at all times of every
individual in the community is vital to containing the spread of diseases and
protecting the whole community. WEAR THE FACE MASK
PROPERLY. Wear the face mask with the colored side facing outward, fully
covering the nose, mouth, and chin. Never touch the mask with your hands.
Remove the mask by holding only the strings. Properly dispose of the mask.
Wear a face mask only when necessary, such as if you are
immunocompromised or have a cough and cold. The following practices
should be observed to halt the spread of COVID-19 virus from infected
individuals:
a.) Respiratory etiquette:

(1) Cough and sneeze into tissue or into shirt sleeve if tissue is not available.
Dispose used tissues properly and disinfect hands immediately after a cough or
sneeze.
(2) Avoid touching the eyes, nose and mouth to help slow the spread of the virus.
(3) Use face masks when necessary such as when you have respiratory
infection/symptoms
 
b). Practice hand hygiene.
                  Perform regular and thorough handwashing with soap and water. Use
alcohol-based hand sanitizers containing at least 60% ethanol or isopropanol  when
soap and water are not available.
2. Social Distancing Measures:
 
a)Whenever possible, keep a distance of at least 3 feet or 1 meter away from other
people to reduce the possibility of person-to-person transmission. This distance
should be observed even as to apparently healthy persons without symptoms.
b)Avoid handshakes and “beso beso” as much as possible
c)Stay at home and follow the government’s regulations on community
quarantine/lockdown.
 
3.Environmental Measures:
   
a. Clean frequently-touched surfaces and objects, including cellphones, gadgets, tables,
doorknobs, desks,
b. Maintaining the environment clean, especially common-use areas and those with
touchpoints such as railings, staircases, light switches, and the like.
c. Clean surfaces such as tables, counters and sinks using a safe household disinfectant.
 4. Food Safety Measures:
      
a. Avoid consumption of raw or undercooked animal products. Handle raw meat, milk or animal organs
with care to avoid cross-contamination with uncooked food, as per good food safety practices.
b. If possible, use utensils when eating. Avoid kamayan or boodle fights.
c. When visiting live animal markets, wet markets or animal product markets:
d. Practice general hygiene measures, including regular handwashing with soap and potable water after
touching the animals and animal products
e. Avoid contact with:
i. sick animals or spoiled animal products
ii. other animals possibly living in the market (e.g. stray cats and dogs, rodents, birds, bats) and
iii. potentially contaminated animal waste or fluids on the soil or structures of shops and market facilities

f. Do not slaughter sick animals for consumption. Bury or destroy dead animals and avoid contact with
their body fluids without protective clothes.
5. Boost your immune system.
      Get 7 to 8 hours of uninterrupted sleep a day. Eat nutritious foods with high anti-
oxidants (fruits and vegetables), avoid undue stress, and exercise regularly.
 
6. If you have fever, cough and difficulty breathing, seek medical care early.
      Tell your health care provider if you have history of travel especially in China or if you
have been in close contact with someone who has travelled from those places and has
respiratory symptoms.

7. If you have mild respiratory symptoms but has no travel history to or within
China:
      Carefully practice basic hand and respiratory hygiene and stay at home until you fully
recover
8. Unless necessary, avoid travels.
      For safety, use face masks during the flight. Be adequately hydrated, especially during
long-haul flights
9. Ventilate your home.
      Open windows daily to allow air to circulate in your homes. This will also dry up damp
spaces more easily.
10. Keep your throat moist.
       Be adequately hydrated. Don’t drink fluids excessively, but take frequent sips of
preferably warm or at least room-temperature water (60-80 cc for adults, 30-50 cc for
children) every now and then, and whenever you feel thirsty. Those with dry throat are
more susceptible to viral infection.
11. Stop smoking.
      Smoking can dry the throat. It weakens the immune system and diminishes the
integrity and defense mechanisms of the respiratory tract against the virus.
12. Take all precautions
  Relax. Don’t panic. Worrying too much causes undue stress which weakens the immune system.
KEEP YOUR GADGETS AND PERSONAL ITEMS CLEAN. Disinfect your mobile phones, tablets,
laptops, bags, eyeglasses, etc. regularly.
 RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Observe Social Distancing
Social distancing refers to actions taken to stop or slow down the spread of a contagious disease.
For an individual, it refers to maintaining enough distance (1 meter or more) between yourself and
another person to avoid getting infected or infecting someone else. School closures, directives to
work from home, library closings, and cancelling meetings and larger events help enforce social
distancing at a community level. 

2. Wear FACE MASK at all times  

Coronavirus primarily spreads when someone breathes in droplets containing virus that are produced
when an infected person coughs or sneezes or when a person touches a contaminated surface and
then touches their eyes, nose, or mouth. But people who are infected but do not have symptoms, or
have not yet developed symptoms, can also infect others. That's where masks come in.
 3. Keep your immune system strong

Your immune system is your body's defense system. When a harmful invader — like a
cold or flu virus, or the coronavirus that causes COVID-19 — gets into your body, your
immune system mounts an attack. Known as an immune response, this attack is a
sequence of events that involves various cells and unfolds over time.

4. OBSERVE PROPER HAND HYGIENE.

Wash your hands frequently with soap and water for 20 seconds (or two rounds of
“Happy Birthday”), and, if available, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer. WASH YOUR
HANDS AFTER HANDLING THINGS SUCH AS DOOR KNOBS AND TABLE TOPS.
Although coronaviruses do not survive long on objects such as letters and packages, they
have been detected on places like door knobs, table tops or other surfaces. Disinfecting
frequently touched surfaces and objects is a must.
5. PRACTICE GOOD COUGH ETIQUETTE. 
Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue when you cough or sneeze and properly and
immediately dispose of the tissue. Wash your hands properly afterward. You may be asked to
wear a face mask to protect others. Avoid crowded places and maintain at least a one-meter
or three-foot distance between yourself and other people, particularly those who are
coughing, sneezing and have a fever.
 REMINDER:
“Treat everyone as if they are Covid-19 positive patients. Even
your friends!”
THANK YOU!