Modern World History

Unit 3: The Age of Exploration.

Lesson 7: The Atlantic World (Part 2).
European nations settle North America

Angela Trubceac, Ph.D.

Overview:
● This day in Modern World History - September 24

● Key concepts
● Key people
● Competing claims in North America: New Spain, New France, New
England, New Netherland
● The struggle for North America
● Native Americans response
● HW
 A little bit of the indigenous history:
How did native americans call American’ continent?
● Turtle Island - a name for the Earth or for North America, used by some
Indigenous and First Nations people and by some Indigenous rights
activists.
This day in Modern World History

● 787 – Second Council of Nicaea: The council assembles at the church of

Hagia Sophia.
● 1846 – Mexican–American War: General Zachary Taylor captures
Monterrey.
● 1853 – Admiral Despointes formally takes possession of New Caledonia
in the name of France.
● 1906 – U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt proclaims Devils Tower (part
of the Balck Hills, Wyoming) as the nation's first National Monument.
● 1973 – Guinea-Bissau declares its independence from Portugal.
● 2014 – The Mars Orbiter Mission makes India the first Asian nation to
reach Mars orbit, and the first nation in the world to do so in its first
attempt.
 Key concepts:

● The Atlantic World * Empire building * Colony

● New France * New England * New Netherland
● Jamestown

● Pilgrims * Puritans * Settlers * Colonists

● Indigenous = First Nations people = Native Americans ???

● French and Indian War (1754-1763) - a conflict primarily fought between

Britain and France over New World territory, ended with a British victory by
signing the Treaty of Paris in 1763. It also ended a century-long struggle
between France and Great Britain for dominance in North America and
supremacy in the world.
Key people - French explorers:
● Giovanni da Verrazzano (1485-1528) - Florentine explorer of North America, in the service of
King Francis I of France (1494-1547). He is renowned as the first European to explore the
Atlantic coast of North America between Florida and New Brunswick in 1524, including New
York Bay and Narragansett Bay.
● Jacques Cartier (1491-1557) - French-Breton explorer who claimed what is now Canada for
France. Jacques Cartier was the first European to describe and map the Gulf of Saint
Lawrence and the shores of the Saint Lawrence River, which he named "The Country of
Canadas" after the Iroquois names for the two big settlements he saw at Stadacona (Quebec
City) and at Hochelaga (Montreal Island).
● Jacques Marquette (1637-1675) - French missionary and explorer best known as the first
European to see and map the northern portion of the Mississippi River.
● Louis Joliet - 17th cent. Canadian explorer who, aided by Native American communities,
explored the origins of the Mississippi River.
● Sieur de la Salle (1643 -1687) - 17th-century French explorer and fur trader in North America.
He explored the Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada, the Mississippi River,
and the Gulf of Mexico.
● Samuel de Champlain (1574-1635) - French explorer and cartographer best known for
establishing and governing the settlements of New France and the city of Quebec.
Key people:
● Metacom (1638-1676) - Pometacom, Metacomet, and by his adopted
English name King Philip, was sachem (chief) to the Wampanoag
people and the second son of the sachem Massasoit. Metacom
became sachem in 1662 when his brother Wamsutta died shortly after
the death of their father.
● Charles II, king of England (1630-1685)
● Duke of York (the king’s brother)
● King Francis I of France (1494-1547)
French explorers: Giovanni da Verrazzano
French explorers:
Jacques Cartier
 French explorers:

Jacques Marquette & Louis Joliet

French explorers: Sieur de la Salle
 French explorers:

Samuel de Champlain
 Competing claims in North America:
French vs. English
● Early settlements: New York, ● Early settlements: Jamestown
Montreal, Quebec, etc… Plymouth, etc…
● Explorers establish New France ● Explorers establish New
and an immense Trading Empire England and an immense
● More cooperative with the Native Trading Empire
Americans ● In 1750 - 1,2 mln people lived
● Peaceful living in 13 colonies

vs. The Dutch

● Early settlements: New Amsterdam, Fort Orange, New Netherland, etc...
● Trading Enterprise (fur)
● More cooperative with the Native Americans - Peaceful living
● Who were the settlers: occupation, gender, religion?
 Guiding Questions for discussion:

● Which experiences are shared by the "first arrivals"? Which are unique?
● What obstacles to settlement do these accounts describe?
● How does each settlement's purpose and leadership affect its outcome?
● What is the role of the environment? the native inhabitants? the European
sponsors?
● Which decisions made in the first months of a settlement prove critical to its
outcome? Do they seem critical at the time they are made?
● What surprised you in reading primary texts from these settlements? How do
they compare with the cultural icons of "Columbus," "Jamestown," and
"Plymouth"?
● In comparing settlement accounts with exploration narratives, what would you
define as the major difference?
● What motivated the Europeans in their initial settlements?
Guiding Questions for discussion:
● How did the European nations differ in their vision of a successful settlement?
● How did they differ in the institutions they created to maintain their settlements?
● What factors led to the survival or abandonment of a settlement?
● What relationships evolved among European settlers, Native Americans, and
enslaved Africans?
● What did "America" signify to Europe in 1630?
● What did "Europe" signify to Native Americans and enslaved Africans?
 French and Indian War (1754-1763)
● Causes of the war? - the dispute over Ohio Valley
● What happened to the American Indians who fought in the French and
Indian War?
- All American Indian groups lost land and power. The British set aside land west of
the Appalachian Mountains for American Indians. The King issued the
Proclamation of 1763 prohibiting settlements beyond the Appalachian Mountains.
● What happened to the colonists after the French and Indian War?
- Colonists who had already settled on these lands were ordered to return east of
the Appalachian Mountains, but they refused to leave.
● How the war ended?
- The Treaty of Paris of 1763 formally ended the conflict; France renounced its
claim to Canada in exchange for other colonies and the Canada colony became
the British colony of Quebec.
 French and Indian War (1754-1763)

● What kind of benefits did the American colonist gain after the war?
- working together against the British government
- Many Americans gained military experience during the French and Indian War.
- The French joined the American Revolution (1775-1783) to get revenge on the
British.
 French and Indian War (1754-1763)
The first generation of settlers and
Indians - lived in peace.

- Why start a war after 45

years of peaceful living, one
generation after the first
Thanksgiving?
- What happened to the
second generation of settlers
and natives?
- What were the grievances of
Native Americans toward
English colonists? Make a
bullet list.
French and Indian War (1754-1763)

Video (5 min.) - Metacom/King Philip's War excerpt from the documentary

Buxton, Maine: An American Story

The first generation of settlers and Indians - lived in

peace.
Why start a war after 45 years of peaceful living?
What happened to the second generation of settlers
and natives?
What were the grievances of Native Americans
toward English colonists? Make a bullet list.
 Homework for Thursday, September, 24:

Topic: The Atlantic slave trade

Read Chapter 20, Section 3 (p. 566-570). Take notes. Answer the questions on the
margins of text. Clarify the concepts.
Watch the videos:
● The Atlantic slave trade: What too few textbooks told you - Anthony Hazard
video (5.38 min.) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3NXC4Q_4JVg
● The Atlantic Slave Trade: Crash Course World History #24 video (11 min.) -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnV_MTFEGIY
● Why did Europeans enslave Africans? video (9.17 min.) -
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=opUDFaqNgXc