Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Causes, problems,
solutions & Case Study
of Rio de Janiero
What is urbanisation?
The world is becoming mostly urban.
World
30 45 48 58
MEDC 53 74 83
76
LEDC 17 34 41 56
B
Problems faced in LEDC cities as
a result of rapid urbanisation
1. Poor electricity and power supplies
2. Pollution
3. Lack of clean water
4. Few employment opportunities
5. Traffic problems
6. Poverty
7. Drugs, gangs and violence
8. Poor education and health provision
9. Poor sewerage systems
10. Poor rubbish collection
11. Lack of shelter
Sort the problems caused by urban growth and development of
shanty towns into social, environmental & economic.
Shanty towns are built on poor Increase in crime
quality or unsafe land so are
prone to Health Problems EG
Traffic Congestion as flooding/landslides/fires Asthma & Bronchitis
cars/buses/rickshaws/a caused by pollution
nimals all share same Poverty
roads Water pollution – Sewage on streets
rivers/seas used as leads to water borne
Unemployment as High birth rates dustbins disease such as
there are few cholera/diarrhoea
jobs in formal Poor quality building
sector. materials and a lack of
Air pollution/Smog
basic amenities eg More street
from car fumes and
Rural migrants running water/toilets in children
factories
can’t find jobs shanty towns
Break up of
because they are Malnutrition
Up to 50% of the population live in families
often illiterate
or non-skilled so Shanty towns
Underground water
the informal
Wages are low paid and Overcrowding supplies being lost.
sector grows.
workers are exploited.
As shanty towns are
Shanty towns are illegal Disease spreads quickly built agricultural
because of high density land/woodland is
High Infant mortality rates housing. destroyed.
Shanty Towns
One problem in LEDC cities is the growth of
Shanty Towns.
Today, almost all the houses in Rocinha are made from concrete and
brick.
3. Some buildings are three and four stories tall and almost all houses
have basic sanitation, plumbing, and electricity.
4. Compared to simple shanty towns or slums, Rocinha has a better
developed infrastructure and hundreds of businesses such as banks,
drug stores, bus lines, cable television, including locally based channel
TV ROC, and, at one time, even a McDonalds franchise, though it has
since closed.
What are the sustainable solutions
to other problems in Rio?
• Forced evictions of squatter settlements – To clear land for formal
development
• Low cost housing – Very basic breeze block housing constructed.
People re-housed in them. City of God
• Site and Service – Land is cleared and building plots prepared with
water and electricity.
• Self Help Scheme – Existing settlements provided with water,
sewage and rubbish collection. Building materials provided for
residents to upgrade their homes (Favela Barrio Plan)
• Rural Development – To reduce rural to urban migration
• Increasing policing - to stop new squatter settlement
• Raise taxes - on the rich to pay for improving housing for the poor
• Local initiatives – such as Afro-Reggae using music and culture to
keep kids away from crime and drugs
Task – Complete the concept map to help your revision.
Differences in land use?
LEDC
Exam
Question
Compare the
model of
MEDC landuse in an
LEDC and
MEDC city.
In cities in both MEDCs and LEDCs there is a CBD
usually near the centre of the city. The poorer part
of the MEDC city is the inner city and the zone of
transition, which are close to the CBD. In an LEDC
city the poorest people live in shanty towns
(favela’s). Many of these are on the outskirts of the
city but others are found near transport routes or
where there are unfavourable physical sites such as
steep slopes.