VoLTE Network Architecture Overview

IMS Core HSS

S6a
Cx
Sh ISC
AS
PCRF
Mw ISC
EPC Core Rx
P-CSCF I/S-CSCF
TAS
MME IMS

Gx Mg/
Gm Mj H.24
S1 MGCF 8

MAP MSS ISUP

S11
SGW
PGW HLR H.248
S5
RTP MRFP
LTE S1-u MGW

TDM
CS Core
PLMN/PSTN
Internet
SGi

Terminal Access Access Core IMS/Voice Core Application

Network Network
QoS Profile

QCI as defined by 3GPP

EPS bearer QoS Profile defines:
 QoS Class Identifier (QCI) –Indicator used as QCI Resource
type
Priority Packet
Delay
Packet Error
Loss Rate
Example Service

reference to parameters controlling the

1 2 100 ms 10-2 Conversational voice
treatment of bearer-level packet forwarding
(priority, resource type, delay & packet loss 2 4 150 ms 10-3 Conversational video

values) 3
GBR
3 50 ms 10-3 Real time gaming
 Allocation & Retention Priority (ARP) –
4 5 300 ms 10-6 Non-conversational video
Indicator used to prioritize resources for new
& existing bearers during congestion 5 1 100 ms 10-6 IMS signaling
situations (priority level, pre-emption
6 6 300 ms 10-6 TCP based (www, e-mail)
capability & vulnerability)
 Guaranteed Bit Rate (GBR) and Maximum Bit 7
Non-GBR
7 100 ms 10-3 Interactive gaming

Rate (MBR) – For QCI = 1-4, denoting 8 8 300 ms 10-6 TCP based (www, e-mail)
minimum and maximum acceptable Bit Rates
for specific Services 9 9 300 ms 10-6 TCP based (www, e-mail)
Detailed VoLTE Architecture NT-
NDS
NDS
HLR HLR
HLR

MGCF
MGCF
MGCF MRFC
MRFC
One-
MGCF
2G VMSC
2G VMSC SCC-AS
SCC-AS NDS
MSS 3G VMSC
3G VMSC MMTel AS
MMTel AS
PSTN/ GMSC
GMSC IP-SM-GW
IP-SM-GW
PLMN Open TAS
BTS MSS MGCF
MGCF BGW
BGW
SRVCC
SRVCC
CS-MGW MGW MRFP
MRFP
CS-MGW
IMS-MGW
IMS-MGW

BSC MGW CS-MGW

Air CS-MGW
Interface

E-CSCF
E-CSCF
NodeB RNC MGW I-CSCF
I-CSCF
Flexi NG S-CSCF
S-CSCF
Flexi NG P-CSCF
UE S-GW P-GW
P-GW P-CSCF BGCF
BGCF
S-GW

CFX-
eNodeB CFX-5000 HSS
HSS
5000
PCRF
PCRF
MME
MME
CMS-8200
C-Plane
Flexi NS PCS-5000
U-Plane

Other
Internet Corporat IMS
e
Services
Products in the Nokia VoLTE solution

Symbol 3GPP Nokia Platform Symbol 3GPP Nokia Platform

Name Product Name Product
Name Name
P-CSCF ATCA ACPI5-A Open TAS
I-CSCF CFX-5000 MRF with for anncouncements
S-CSCF (Core or Open MGW both ATCA
E-CSCF Element
A-/I-BCF CSCF HP Proliant Bl460
IMS-ALG switch) MRF
Radisys or Genband for transcoding
BGCF
ATCF
MGCF MSS ATCA
CMS-8200 ATCA ACPI5-A
HSS-FE (Core
DRA element or
Mobility
Server) HP Proliant Bl460 MGW Open MGW ATCA

Subscriber
Repository One-NDS HP Proliant BL460

TAS/ OpenTAS ATCA

PCS-5000 ATCA SCC-AS
PCRF (Policy ACPI4-B or ACPI5-A
Control
Server)
ATCA
IMS-AGW OpenBGW
ATGW
Nokia Networks SIP Control & VoLTE platform
Key Products & Functions

Open TAS
AS AS Key functionalities of Open TAS
MultiMedia Telephony Application Server (MMTel AS)
Comprehensive support of Voice services
Full feature transparency for CS and IP based users.
3GPP
SIP (ISC)
standards-based

CSCF network functions

and Key functionalities of CFX-5000
CFX-
5000 open interfaces Central SIP session routing
Single sign-on for all services
IMS Core
Versatile service orchestration

Key functionalities of OpenMGW/ACME 6300SD

IPsec termination and IMS AKA authentication
SIP (Gm) Policy Control via Rx interface to PCRF
ATCF/ATGW for eSRVCC

AS Application Servers
Nokia Networks CFX-5000
Products Highlights

Open TAS
AS AS

Key functionalities of CFX-5000

Call Session Control Function (CSCF)
SIP (ISC)
• Multiple User Authentication schemes & Registration
Supported Roles
• Centralized Application & Server interworking via
CSCF
ISC interface
CFX-  P-CSCF/A-BCF (Access SBC)
• Comprehensive set of Integrated Features
5000  S-CSCF, I-CSCF, BGCF
• Active / passive Forking support
 TrCF (Transit Routing)
IMS Core • SIP Load Balancer
 E-CSCF (Emergency Call)
• Breakout Gateway / Transit Routing control
 I-BCF (Interconnection SBC)
• Integrated Session Border Control Functionality
 FEE (Feature Expansion
• SIP Message Manipulation
Environment)
• Lawful Interception support for all IMS services
• Emergency Call support for all IMS services
• Flexible Java-based Feature Environment (FEE)
SIP (Gm)
• Flexible Charging capabilities
Nokia Networks Open TAS
Product Highlights

Open TAS
AS AS

Nokia Networks
Open TAS
SIP (ISC) Charging • Comprehensive support of Voice over IP services
Messaging IN services • Support of standardized IMS architecture,
CSCF • Seamless end-user experience,
CFX- Voice call continuity full voice feature transparency for CS and IP based
5000 users
GSMA voice and video
IMS Core • Full re-use for MNO R4/MSS eco-system
for OSS/BSS, IN, VMS, SMSC. LI, etc.
Media handling
• Flexible Charging capabilities (On-/Offline)
Open TAS • IN and Pre-paid support for MVNO scenario
• Carrier grade availability (99.999%)
• Live VoIP services since 2006
• Based on industry leading MSC Server SW
SIP (Gm) • Available on ATCA*-based architecture
Nokia Networks Border Control
Product Highlights

Open TAS
AS AS
Nokia Networks
Border Control
• Connects the operators LTE access to the IMS
core network (1) and provides also
SIP (ISC)
connectivity to the peering IP / IMS networks
(2).
CSCF • Border Control functionality is an integral part
CFX- of the Nokia Networks Open Core System.
5000 • Border Control for VoLTE is based on
IMS Core decomposed architecture where BCF (Border
Control Function) is provided with CFX-5000
product and BGF (Border Gateway Function)
is provided with Open BGW (MGW) product.
• Border Control for VoLTE supports also the
BGW 3GPP Release 10 enhanced SRVCC functions
Access Transfer Control Function (ATCF) and
Access Transfer Gateway Function (ATGW).
SIP (Gm)
Call Flows
 VoLTE Basic Call Flows: LTE  LTE call: SIP INVITE & media
handling of terminating
routing to B-side S- handling of originating services for subscriber B,
CSCF, iFC trigger services for subscriber A, LDAP
routing back to S-CSCF
Telephony Server
NVS invocation routing back to S-CSCF
Application Server
TAS
iFC trigger NVS
invocation HLR

routing to B-side P-
ISC SMSC
CSCF and then to
subscriber B
MGCF
HSS-FE (MSS)
x-CSCF

MGW/MS
(MGW)

Subscriber
Gm PSTN/PLMN

Database

I-BGF
IP-Net
C-BGF

SAE GW
BRAS
xGSN
MME established media connection
MME

eNB

SIP phone /
send SIP INVITE
Mobile
SIP client
SIP client SIP client

B A
 VoLTE Basic Call Flows: LTE  PSTN call: SIP INVITE & media
routing to MGCF handling of originating services for LDAP
Server
after failed ENUM subscriber A; routing back to S-CSCF
Telephony
Application
query Server
TAS

HLR
iFC trigger NVS ISC SM
invocation SC

Mg
MGCF
HSS-FE IAM
(MSS)
x-CSCF

MGW
(MGW)

Subscriber
Gm PSTN/PLMN

Database

I-BGF
IP-Net
C-BGF

SAE GW
BRAS
xGSN
MME established media
MME
connection

eNB

SIP phone /
send SIP INVITE
Mobile
SIP client
SIP client SIP client

B A
 VoLTE Basic Call Flows: VoIP  LTE call: SIP INVITE & media
routing to B-side P- handling of terminating services for
CSCF and then to subscriber B; routing back to S-CSCF
LDAP
subscriber B Telephony Server
Application
Server
TAS
routing to B-side S- HLR
CSCF, iFC trigger ISC SM
NVS invocation SC

MGCF
HSS-FE (MSS)
x-CSCF

MGW
(MGW)

Subscriber
Gm Ic PSTN/PLMN

Database

I-BGF
IP-Net
C-BGF

SAE GW
BRAS
xGSN send SIP INVITE
MME

MME
established media
eNB connection

SIP phone /
Mobile
SIP client
SIP client SIP client

B A
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
SIP Messages

The basic SIP messages, described in RFC 3261

Method Description
INVITE Sets up or changes a multimedia call.

Confirms the final response for INVITE;

ACK
closes the INVITE process.

BYE Releases a multimedia call.

CANCEL Cancels a pending request Extended SIP messages
OPTIONS Signals supported features.
REGISTE Method Source Description
Registers with a SIP location server. SUBSCRIBE RFC 3265 Subscribes to a service.
R
Notifies a subscribed user that an event has
NOTIFY RFC 3265 occurred.
Carries a non-SIP message transparently
INFO RFC 2976 through the SIP network.
PRACK RFC 3262 Acknowledges 1XX provisional responses.
MESSAGE RFC 3428 Supports “instant messages.”
Refers to an earlier INVITE for Call Forwarding,
REFER RFC 3515 etc.
RFCs 3311 & Confirms resource reservation (QoS)
UPDATE preconditions have been met.
3312
Response Codes

Response Codes Commonly Used SIP Responses

Response
Codes Type Description
Response Code Default Text
Informational – typically used with INVITE
1XX Provisional
requests
2XX Final Success 100 Trying
3XX Final Redirection
4XX Final Failure of request 180 Ringing

5XX Final Server failure 183 Session Progress

6XX Final Global failure
200 OK

202 Accepted

301 Moved Permanently

302 Moved Temporarily

401 Unauthorized

408 Request Timeout

415 Unsupported Media Type

SIP Error Recovery

• The SIP endpoint expects a final Response within a timeout period (default is 500 milliseconds)
• If a Response is not received within the timeout period, the Request is retransmitted
Session Description Protocol (SDP)

• SIP creates and maintains the call relationship

• SDP establishes the call details
• SDP is described in RFCs 4566 and 3264
• SDP is carried in the SIP message body

SDP Models
• SDP Announcement
• SDP Offer/Answer
• SDP Declaration/Offer/Answer
SDP Offer/Answer Model

UE1
UE2
P-CSCF Discovery (LTE Access Network)

UE E-NodeB MME S-GW PDN-GW P-CSCF HSS/HLR

Attach Request
Auth Info Request / Ackn.
Auth and Ciphering Requ / Resp
Update Location Request

Update Location Answer. (subscription, related params, e.g. MSISDN, STN-SR)

Create session Create session

Request Request
(default bearer) (default bearer)

Create session Create session Response

Radio Access Bearer Response (UE-IP-addr )
Attach Accept
Establish Req.
Radio Access Bearer
Update bearer
Establish Accept. Attach Complete
Request

Update bearer
Response
PDN connectivity request Create session Create session
Request P-CSCF IP
Request
(default bearer) (default bearer) IP-addr
pool
Create session Response
Activate default EPS bearer (QCI=5) (UE-IP-addr & P-CSCF-IP)

Radio Bearer GTP-Tunnel GTP-Tunnel

IMS Registration to P-CSCF IP

Registration in the IP Multimedia (IM) Core Network (CN) Subsystem

UE P-CSCF I-CSCF S-CSCF

1. Register
HSS
2. Register 3. User Authentication request

4. User Authentication Answer

5. Register

6. Multimedia Authentication request

7. Multimedia Authentication Answer
9. Unauthorized 8. Unauthorized
10. Unauthorized
11. Register
12. Register 13. User Authentication request

14. User Authentication Answer

15. Register

16. Server Assignment request

17. Server Assignment Answer
19. (200) Ok 18. (200) Ok
20. (200) Ok

Visited Network Home Network

Mobile originating session Control

UE P-CSCF S-CSCF
1
INVITE 2
INVITE 3
1 Trying INVITE
2 Trying
3
100 Trying

183 Session Progress 4

4
183 session Progress 4 183 session Progress

PRACK 5
5
PRACK
PRACK 5

200 ok 6
6 6
200 ok
200 ok

UPDATE 7 UPDATE 7 7
UPDATE

200 ok 8
8 8
200 ok 200 ok

Visited Network Home Network

Mobile originating session Control

UE P-CSCF S-CSCF
9
180 Ringing
9 9
180 Ringing 180 Ringing

PRACK 10
PRACK 10 10
PRACK

11 200 ok
11 11
200 ok
200 ok
12 200 ok

12 200 ok
12
200 ok

13 13
ACK
13
ACK
ACK

Visited Network
Home Network
Ending a SIP Call