BIODIVERSITY

CHAPTER 1
FORM 2 KSSM
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 Learning objectives

 Understand the variety of living things

 Learn to classify animals and plants based on their

common characteristics.

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 Concept
map

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 What is BIODIVERSITY?

Biodiversity = Variety of
living organisms within a
given area.

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 How BIODIVERSITY existed?

Various types of
habitats (natural Climates (region
home of an with a particular
organism) wheather conditions)

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 Importance of BIODIVERSITY?

Food
Sources

Balance of
Education
Nature
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Ecology Generate
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 Impacts on BIODIVERSITY

(formation of
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Globalization
 Impacts on BIODIVERSITY

 Biggest impacts are

 Habitats Loss
 Introductions of Exotic species
Exotic species, which are also known as alien species,
invasive species, non-indigenous species, and bioinvaders,
are species of plants or animals that are growing in a non-
native environment. Alien species have been moved by
humans to areas outside of their native ranges.
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 Conservation & Preservation

 Conservation is the sustainable use and management of

natural resources including wildlife, water, air, and earth
deposits.

 Preservation, in contrast to conservation, attempts to

maintain in their present condition areas of the Earth that
are so far untouched by humans.
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By using suitable i-Think map:

Complete the steps to

conserve and preserve
Biodiversity.
 Steps To
Conserve &
Preserve
BIODIVERSITY
Biodiversity Trivia
 17 mega biodiversity (megadiverse) countries in the world
 Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Zaire, Madagascar, China, India, Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia, Papua New Guinea,
South Africa, USA, Congo, Philippines and Venezuela.
 Sira Poison Frog and Fiery Squirrel are all endemic (species that are only found on certain part of earth and not
elsewhere) to Venezuela.
 Channel Islands Spotted Skunk is endemic to USA.
 Papua New Guinea has the 3rd largest rainforest in the world. Some of the endemic wildlife include carnivorous mice,
tree-climbing kangaroos, and giant rats.
 Indonesia has 17,000 islands. Roti Island Snake-necked Turtle is endemic to this nation.
 Woolly-Stalked Begonia is endemic to Malaysia but declared extinct in 2007 due deforestation.
 Galapagos Islands in Ecuador helped Charles Darwin author his famous “Theory of Evolution”.
 Giant pandas are endemic to China.
 Australia harbors between 600,000 and 700,000 different plants and animals. It is 1 st in the world for endemics. Well-
known endemics include kangaroo and koala.
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 Variety of Living Things

 Living things = organism

 Organisms;
 Humans
 Animals
 Plants
 Habitat = natural place where a living thing lives.
 Different animals and plants live in different habitats.

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 System of classification of animals

* Latin word
Animals vertebrate = backbone

Invertebrates Vertebrates
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System of classification of animals

 Invertebrates
 Animals which do not have
backbones
 Invertebrates make up the most
number of animals in the world.
 Most invertebrates live in the
water.
System of classification of animals

 Vertebrates
 Animals with backbones
 Warm-blooded vertebrates
 Homoiothermic
 Fixed body temperatures
 Cold-blooded vertebrates
 Poikilothermic
 Body temperature change
according to the temperature of
surroundings.
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 Unusual characteristics of some mammals

Mammals Characteristics
Bats Have wings and fly like birds
Whales and dolphins Live in water like fish
Anteaters (ex: Pangolin) Lay eggs, have dry scales on bodies like
reptiles
Platypuses Lay eggs and have beaks like ducks
Porcupines Body covered with spines for protection
Kangaroos and koalas Raise the young in body pouches

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 Interesting Trivia of Mammals

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 Quiz ‘Super Spontan’

 What is meant by internal fertilisation and external fertilisation?

 What is the main difference between humans and other mammals?
 State the body temperature of the following vertebrates at the surrounding
temperature of 20 oC.
 Frog
 Human
 Why do dolphins, caught in fishing nets, die after sometime?

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As mammals, dolphins need to rise to the
surface to get enough air to breathe, but once
their inside the fishing nets under water, they
cant swim anywhere resulting in death by
drowning.
 System of classification of plants

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Dicotyledons flowering plant

Rose Plant
Monocotyledon flowering plant

Oil Palm Tree

Algae

Seaweed
Mosses

Mosses
Ferns

Bird’s nest fern

Fungi

Mushroom
 Classification of animals based on common
characteristics

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 Classification of plants based on common
characteristics

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 Constructing a system of classification

 How to classify organism?

 Dichotomous key of identification
 Pairs of opposite characteristics are used in the identification key.
 At each instance, a pair of opposite characteristics are used.
 The identification key is constructed following two ways to
identify the following animals.

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