Digital – Governance

Data Warehousing in E-Governance

Aarti Rani
School of Computer Applications
Babu Banarsi Das University
Lucknow -UP
Topics Covered
What is Data Warehousing?
How Data warehouse works?
Types of Data Warehouse
Need of data warehousing in e-governance
A data warehouse for Local Good Governance
Monitoring and Assessement – Case Study of Local
Registry Office in Morocco
What is Data Warehousing?

A Data Warehousing (DW) is process for collecting and managing data

from varied sources to provide meaningful business insights. A Data
warehouse is typically used to connect and analyze business data from
heterogeneous sources. The data warehouse is the core of the BI system
which is built for data analysis and reporting.

In other words

Data warehousing is the process of constructing and using a data

warehouse. A data warehouse is constructed by integrating data from
multiple heterogeneous sources that support analytical reporting,
structured and/or ad hoc queries, and decision making. Data warehousing
involves data cleaning, data integration, and data consolidations.
How Data warehouse works?

A Data Warehouse works as a central repository where information

arrives from one or more data sources. Data flows into a data warehouse
from the transactional system and other relational databases.
Data may be:

Structured
Semi-structured
Unstructured data

The data is processed, transformed, and ingested so that users can access
the processed data in the Data Warehouse through Business Intelligence
tools, SQL clients, and spreadsheets. A data warehouse merges information
coming from different sources into one comprehensive database.
Types of Data Warehouse

Three main types of Data Warehouses are:

1. Enterprise Data Warehouse: Enterprise Data Warehouse is a centralized

warehouse. It provides decision support service across the enterprise. It offers a
unified approach for organizing and representing data. It also provide the ability to
classify data according to the subject and give access according to those divisions.

2. Operational Data Store: Operational Data Store, which is also called ODS, are
nothing but data store required when neither Data warehouse nor OLTP systems
support organizations reporting needs. In ODS, Data warehouse is refreshed in real
time. Hence, it is widely preferred for routine activities like storing records of the
Employees.

3. Data Mart: A data mart is a subset of the data warehouse. It specially designed for
a particular line of business, such as sales, finance, sales or finance. In an
independent data mart, data can collect directly from sources.
Who needs Data warehouse?

Data warehouse is needed for all types of users like:

Decision makers who rely on mass amount of data

Users who use customized, complex processes to obtain information from
multiple data sources.
It is also used by the people who want simple technology to access the
data
It also essential for those people who want a systematic approach for
making decisions.
If the user wants fast performance on a huge amount of data which is a
necessity for reports, grids or charts, then Data warehouse proves useful.
Data warehouse is a first step If you want to discover 'hidden patterns' of
data-flows and groupings.
What Is a Data Warehouse Used For?
Here, are most common sectors where Data warehouse is used:

Airline: In the Airline system, it is used for operation purpose like

crew assignment, analyses of route profitability, frequent flyer
program promotions, etc.

Banking: It is widely used in the banking sector to manage the

resources available on desk effectively. Few banks also used for
the market research, performance analysis of the product and
operations.
Healthcare: Healthcare sector also used Data warehouse to
strategize and predict outcomes, generate patient's treatment
reports, share data with tie-in insurance companies, medical aid
services, etc.
Public sector: In the public sector, data warehouse is used for
intelligence gathering. It helps government agencies to maintain
and analyze tax records, health policy records, for every
individual.
Investment and Insurance sector: In this sector, the warehouses
are primarily used to analyze data patterns, customer trends, and
to track market movements.
Retain chain: In retail chains, Data warehouse is widely used for
distribution and marketing. It also helps to track items, customer
buying pattern, promotions and also used for determining pricing
policy.
 Telecommunication: A data warehouse is used in this sector for
product promotions, sales decisions and to make distribution
decisions.
 Hospitality Industry: This Industry utilizes warehouse services
to design as well as estimate their advertising and promotion
campaigns where they want to target clients based on their
feedback and travel patterns.
Functions of Data Warehouse Tools and Utilities
The following are the functions of data warehouse tools and
utilities:

 Data Extraction − Involves gathering data from multiple

heterogeneous sources.
 Data Cleaning − Involves finding and correcting the errors in
data.
 Data Transformation − Involves converting the data from
legacy format to warehouse format.
 Data Loading − Involves sorting, summarizing, consolidating,
checking integrity, and building indices and partitions.
 Refreshing − Involves updating from data sources to warehouse.
NEED OF DATA WAREHOUSING IN E-GOVERNANCE
There are some technical issues in the implementation of e-
Governance which need to be taken into consideration. Some
technical issues are :
Technical infrastructure for e-governance
Collection, handling and managing huge volume of data
Analysis of the data for effective and correct decision making
Online support to all departments of Government
organizations
Extraction of unknown relevant and interesting patterns (i.e.
knowledge) from the huge volume of data collected
Presentation of meaningful patterns for timely decision
making process
 The government institutions are now analyzing large
amount of current and historical data to identify new
and useful patterns from the large dataset. The area of
focus includes:

1) Data warehousing,
2) On-line Analytical Processing (OLAP), and
3) Data Mining
Benefit of a data warehouse for e-governance
Citizen facilitation is the core objective of any
Government body. For facilitating the citizens of a
state or a country, it is important to have the right
information about the people and the places of the
concerned territory. Hence a data warehouse built for
eGovernance can typically have data related to person
and land. Such a data warehouse can be beneficial to
both the Government decision makers and citizens as
well in the following manner:
 Benefit for the decision makers
 They do not have to deal with the heterogeneous and sporadic
information generated by various state-level computerization
projects as they can access current data with a high granularity from
the information warehouse.

 They can take micro-level decisions in a timely manner without the

need to depend on their IT staff.

 They can obtain easily decipherable and comprehensive information

without the need to use sophisticated tools.

 They can perform extensive analysis of stored data to provide

answers to the exhaustive queries to the administrative cadre. This
helps them to formulate more effective strategies and policies for
citizen facilitation
 Benefit for the citizens
 They are the ultimate beneficiaries of the new policies
formulated by the decision makers and policy planner's
extensive analysis on person and land-related data.

 They can view frequently asked queries whose results will

already be there in the database and will be immediately
shown to the user saving the time required for processing.

 They can have easy access to the Government policies of the

state.

 The web access to Information Warehouse enables them to

access the public domain data from anywhere.
The data warehouse has enough potential to access the impact of
various welfare schemes across the population of the state. The
planners can design schemes focused on specific target groups
and achieve high impact. The decision-makers can carry out
analysis of population profile across the state in areas of
economy, education, family units, shelter, etc.
The warehouse can also be used for rural and urban development
planning, agricultural yield and cropping pattern analysis and
much more.
These analyses will help in making decisions that are focused
and the benefit of the government policies can reach the intended
group. The various types and number of queries that can be
handled by the data warehouse are limited only by the
intelligence of the person using the data warehouse and the data
fed to it.
 A data warehouse for Local Good Governance
Monitoring and Assessement – Case Study of Local
Registry Office in Morocco