State of Computing in 5G Network

and IoT Analytics

IoT Architecture and Framework

Jesada 2019-
Sivaraks Ericsson Thailand 10-08
 The INTERNET
OF THINGS
ENABLING NEW BUSINESS
OPPORTUNITY BEYOND
SMARTPHONES

connectivity

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

Complementary technologies
Meeting diversity of use case requirements
SPEED COST

1Gbps 5G NR low latency high reliability

LOW LATENCY
USD 50

LTE Cat-4 & beyond

10 Mbps USD 25

LTE Cat-1

MOBILITY
& VOICE
1 Mbps USD 15

Cat-M1
100s kbps USD 10

STATIONARY
NB-IoT/EC-GSM
10s kbps USD 5

Unlicensed LPWA

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21 BATTERY LIFE & COVERAGE

 Cellular IoT and Low Power Wide Area (LPWA)
Cellular IoT Unlicensed LPWA
(GSM and 3GPP Standard-Based) (Proprietary Standard)
- IOT on GSM LoRA
EC-GSM-IoT Global cellular IoT for all
GSM markets
SigFox
- IOT on LTE & Beyond
Cat M1 Wide range of
applications
NB-IoT Ultra low-bitrate
applications

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

Background Target scenario OF LPWAN
Low device cost/complexity:<$5 per module

Extended coverage: ~20 dB extra compared to GPRS

Long battery life: >10 years

Capacity: massive amounts of devices with infrequent

small messages
Cellular IoT market outlook
Cellular IoT connection 5G revenue potential from industry digitalization
by 2024 by 2026
Security Agriculture
Payments Retail
Manufacturing
Finance Public safety
Industrial

Consumer

4.1Bn 619Bn
Media & Automotive
Entertainment
Connections USD
by 2024 by 2026
Utilities Finance
Automotive Public
transport

1Bn
by 2018 Fleet
Vs. 0.4Bn*
Healthcare

Energy & Utilities

Source: Ericsson mobility report *Wide Area non-cellular IoT connection by 2024 Source: Ericsson and Arthur D Little’s 5G revenue potential from industrial digitalization study
Massive IoT continues to evolve
— Cat-M Converged
— NB-IoT requirements
(LPWA)
— Coverage extension
— Battery Life
— Low complexity devices
— Flexible deployment
— 5G ready Global adoption
>80 commercial networks in 40 markets
both NB-IoT & Cat-M1 for diverse use cases
— Focus on wide area Multiple Industries
5G technologies and Use cases
— For all industries Meet 5G performance and capacity
requirements fully co-existing with 5G NR Utilities – Smart metering
Wearables – Health surveillance
Ensured Long lifecycle Smart Cities – Smart sensors
Replace legacy 2G technologies Transport – Fleet management
INTRODUCTION of Cellular IoT
› Massive Internet of Things (source: NGMN White Paper V1.0 , 3GPP TR 22.861 FS_SMARTER)
• Includes both low-cost, long-range and low-power MTC (Machine Type Communication) as well as
broadband MTC

› Sensor Networks
– metering (e.g., gas, energy, and water),
– city or building lights management, Cellular IoT
– environment (e.g., pollution, temperature, humidity, noise) monitoring, and
– vehicle traffic control represent prominent examples of services in a smart city
Cheap IoT

› Smart Wearables (Clothes)

› Mobile Video Surveillance

– Example: mobile video surveillance on aircrafts, drones, cars, and safety and security
personnel for monitoring houses/buildings, targeted areas, special events…
INTRODUCTION of Cellular IoT
• Cellular IoT contains the following radio access technologies:
• NB-IoT 
• A new 3GPP RAT for narrowband LTE
• Allows access to network services via E-UTRA with a channel bandwidth limited to 180 kHz (corresponding to one PRB), and UL/DL data
rates of about 200 kbps with half-duplex operation
• Can be provided as upgrade of the eNB

• LTE-M or LTE-MTC 
• Not well defined in 3GPP,
• Using existing LTE RAT (old name “EUTRAN” and now renamed to WB-EUTRAN due to introduction of NB-IoT), enhanced for IoT
• May contain LTE Cat-0 and Cat-M1 (even Cat-1) UEs
• LTE-M Cat-M1 using the 1.4 MHz
• Can be deployed in LTE network

• EC-GSM-IoT
• Extended Coverage GSM for IoT
• Enhancement to GSM and EGPRS standard to support better coverage and other IoT enhancements
• Supports 20 dB coverage improvements
• Can be deployed in GSM network

NOTES
UE categories complexity (Cost)

Source: http://www.ericsson.com/research-blog/internet-of-things/cellular-iot-alphabet-soup/#more-3294
INTRODUCTION of Cellular IoT
› Common Features
– Extended DRX (eDRX) (Rel-12)
› provides UEs with longer sleeping periods between reading paging or
control channels
› enables very long battery lifetimes, 10 years or more

– Power Saving Mode (PSM) (Rel-12)

› Allows the UE to save most power when there is no frequent need to
communicate with the device
› enables very long battery lifetimes, 10 years or more
– Extended Coverage (Rel-12 for LTE & Rel-13 for EC-GSM-IoT)
› also called Coverage Enhancement
› During Paging, CN indicates info such as low complexity UE to RAN so that
RAN can increase number of paging attempts
– High Latency Communication (HLCOM) (Rel-13)
› Buffering DL packets for UE in power saving mode until the UE is expected
to wake up
› Applicable for LTE-M and NB-IoT
Cellular IoT evolution and segments

Commercial – Growth Early pilots & standardization

Massive Broadband Critical Industrial Automation
IoT IoT IoT IoT
One network – multiple use cases and industries

1 37 0
Smart Fleet Traffic Safety Collaborative
VR/AR
Metering Management & Control robotics

Advanced
Asset management Automotive Smart Grid Automation
Drones/UAV
C-ITS Automation & Control

Low cost devices, low energy High throughput Ultra reliability Industrial protocols
Small data volumes Low latency Ultra low latency Time Sensitive Networks
Massive numbers Large data volume Very high availability Precise indoor positioning
NB-IoT + Cat-M1 (LTE and 5G NR) LTE + 5G NR 5G NR 5G NR

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

Massive IoT for 4G LTE and 5G NR

3GPP 3GPP

NB-IoT
NB-IoT

NB-IoT

NB-IoT
Cat-M LTE Cat-M 5G NR
Rel-13 LTE carrier bandwidth Rel-15 NR carrier bandwidth
4G system
Initial launch based on 3GPP Rel-13 5G system
Co-exists with LTE bands NR and Cat-M/NB-IoT co-existence in LTE bands re-
farmed to NR
Design targets
Low complexity Design targets
10+ battery life Meet ITU-R requirements for 5G/IMT-2020 Massive
Coverage extension Machine Type Communication (mMTC)

Capacity Capacity
Some 100k devices per cell 1 million devices / km2*
*3GPP: RP-171451
Technical Overview
What is NB-IoT?

 NB-IoT is an evolution of LTE.

 The whole NB-IoT system fits into 1 LTE resource block.

f
[MHz]

1 PRB = 180 kHz

 DL
 Smallest allocable resource is 1 sub-carrier (15 kHz).
 12 sub-carriers in one resource block (same as LTE).
 UL
 15kHz or 3.75kHz sub-carrier spacing.
Technical Overview
NB-IoT has three different deployment scenarios:
Not supported in
Release 13. expected
1. Stand alone in future releases

Several NB-IoT
GS M is replaced by carriers can be
a NB-IoT carrier. grouped together.

N B-Io T

N B-Io T

N B-Io T

N B-Io T
G SM

G SM

G SM
f
[MHz]

 One GSM carrier can be replaced by one NB-IoT carrier.

 The RU setup 1 carrier for 1 or more resource blocks (grouped together). This
is not supported in Release 13, but is expected in future releases
Technical Overview
2. In LTE carrier guard band
One o r more NB-IoT carriers (depending on
LTE bandwidth) can be deployed in the guard
band of the LTE carrier.
Guard band

LTE
N B-Io T
f
[MHz]

LTE carrier bandwidth

3. Within LTE carrier (in-band) One o r more NB-IoT carriers is repla ci ng

reso urce bl ocks in the LTE carrier.

N B-Io T

LTE
f
[MHz]

LTE carrier bandwidth

NB-IoT Network overview
The places marked in red circle has been updated!

IoT Application vUDM OSS RAN NB-IoT Devices

Platform

CUDB
OSS-RC
4G
HSS-FE

EDA

4G

vEPC

Involved node
4G
EPG MME

PROFESSIONAL SERVICES

Ericsson NB- IoT Proposal for APT | Commercial in confidence | 3/153 53-FCP 111 1195/1 Uen, Rev C | 2017-08-10 | Page 17
What is CAT-M1 ?
› Only access 6 PRBs (1.080MHz) of Bandwidth
LTE CAT-16 (1Gbps)
› Single receive antenna

› CAT-M1 has enhanced coverage

LTE CAT-6 (300Mbps) – Mode A ~10 dB
– Mode B support >15 dB
LTE CAT-3 (100Mbps) › CAT-M1 can be Half or full duplexed
LTE CAT-1 (10Mbps)
› CAT-M1 is targeting to be a low cost chip sets
LTE CAT-M1

CAT-M1 a low complexity UE

IoT Category M Access, Cat-M1 Telstra Trial | Ericsson Internal | , Rev | 2017-04-10 | Page 18
 CAT-M1 Flexible deployment
SOFTWARE-ONLY UPGRADE ON LTE INSTALLED BASE

› New device defined in

3GPP Rel.13
1.4MHz 1.4MHz
› Low complexity device
› Improve battery life CAT-M1
› Coverage improvement DEVICE 1 DEVICE 2

CAT-M1 fully multiplexed on the existing LTE carriers

Up to six PRBs allocated for CAT-M1 data transmission
Shared carrier capacity and infrastructure with LTE MBB

Ericsson Internal | NDO Seminar 2017 New Delhi | 2017-04-27 | Page 19 (7)
Massive IoT co-existing
with 5G NR
Today NR Introduction 01 02 5G NR

NB-IoT
Cat-M1 LTE LTE

Carrier Carrier B
A
LT + Cat-M1 + NB-
E
IoT

Ericsson Radio System Ericsson Radio System Ericsson Radio System

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
 —Technology Principal
UNB signal sent on three different frequencies and
received by few stations (reduce risk of collisions).

The devices are running ultra low energy with 10-25mW

radio power.

Resilience to interferer

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

 —Technology Principal
Sigfox Random Access

Frequency Hopping on Replicas

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

 —Technology Principal
Sigfox Cooperative Reception
Spatial diversity coupled with
the time and frequency
diversity of the repetitions are
the main factors behind the
high quality of service of the
Sigfox network.

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

 —Technology Principal
Sigfox Small Message
GPS coordinates 6 Bytes

Temperature 2 Bytes

Speed reporting 1 Byte

Object Status 1 Byte

<<Keep Alive>> payload 0 Byte

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

 —Key features of the network
Sigfox High level Network Architecture

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

 —Key features of the network
Sigfox Flat Network Architecture

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21

 One time IoT application

Sigfox and CAT-M/NB-IoT/EC-GSM | Ericsson Internal | , Rev | 2017-10-19 | Page 29

Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21
 Unlicensed Long-Range RAdio
LoRa (Long Range)

– LoRa is a Semtech technology for IoT using a Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) modulation on a 125
kHz bandwidth with a uplink throughput between 0,3 and 1,2 kbps.
– Provides long range and low power wireless technology to connect low-cost, battery- operated
sensors over long distances (9 miles range and > 10 years battery life)
– The LoRa Alliance was formed in February 2015. Release 1.0 of LoRaWAN specification was
released to public on June 16, 2015
– Applications: smart city, sensor networks, industrial automation application

Frequency (MHz) Bandwidth Modulation Schemes Range

ISM Band
125 kHz & 250 LoRa* (Chirp Spread Spectrum or CSS)
853-870 (Europe)
kHz GFSK
125 kHz & 500
>15 km (9 miles) in a suburban environment
902-928 (North America) kHz LoRa* (Chirp Spread Spectrum or CSS)
and up to 5 km (3 miles) in a dense urban
125 kHz & 250 LoRa* (Chirp Spread Spectrum or CSS) environment
779-787 (China)
kHz GFSK

* LoRa, Semtech’s proprietary modulation, is a spread spectrum modulation scheme that is derivative of Chirp Spread Spectrum modulation (CSS)
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21and which trades data rate for sensitivity within a fixed channel bandwidth.
 LoRaWAN Network Architecture
LoRa Device LPWAN Device Provisioning Broker Device Manufacturer NW

L-PROV
Device Provisio
Provisioning
Broker ning
L-DPB-GF

IoT App
LoRa RAN L-DPB-DI LoRa Operator Core NW Service Provider NW
Internet

Device
Identity &
Access
Manager
L-DI-DD L-AUTH
LoRa L-DI-NC
Socket L-GRANT
L-Air-LoRa L-GW-LoRa L-NC-DD Device L-APP L-APP
LoRa LoRa Data Grant IoT
Network Service Filtering AppsIoTIoT
LoRa GW Controller Edge Apps
Modem Apps
L-BSS
L-NC-M

L-GW-M L-DD-M
OSS BSS
Ericsson Internal | 2018-02-21