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First Generation
Second Generation
Third Generation
Fourth Generation
Fifth Generation
@
 vacuum tubes and 7 resistors.

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer

(ENIAC) was produced by a partnership between
University of Pennsylvannia and the US
government.

The Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic

Computer (EDVAC) in @ with a memory to hold
both a stored program as well as data.
ENIAC built by J. Presper Eckert and John V.
Mauchly at the University of Pennsylvania.

Addition .
Subtraction . @
Multiplication 2. to @.7
Division 2. to .@

Electronic components had one major benefit

however: they could ``open'' and ``close'' about
@
 times faster than mechanical switches.
All instructions were written in machine and assembly
languages.

Air Condition required in this generation.

Hard Ware (h/w) failure.

It is very expensive.

Require big room.

Constantly Maintains require

The invention of Transistors marked the start of
the second generation.

Second generation computers also started

showing the characteristics of modern day
computers with utilities such as printers
disk
storage and operating systems.

Batch Operating system was introduced.

High-level languages like COBOL (Common

Business-Oriented Language) and FORTRAN
(Formula Translator) were used.
The transistor was far superior to the vacuum
tube

Second generation computers to become smaller

faster
cheaper
more energy-efficient and more
reliable

punched cards for input and printouts for output

The first computers of this generation were

developed for the atomic energy industry

In @7
Bell Laboratories invented the transistor

In @7
Bell Laboratories invented the transistor

Ten times faster than the first generation

computers.

Much smaller then the first generation

Computers
requiring smaller space.

Less expensive to produce and more reliable.

Less Hard Ware failure.

The Integrated Circuit (IC) was invented in @
by Jack Kilby.

IBM used chips in its  series computers.

The concept of a programming language was

developed.

Transistors were miniaturized and placed on

silicon chips
called semiconductors.
Time sharing operating system.

Semiconductors drastically increased the speed

and efficiency of computers.

Third generation computers through keyboards

and monitors and introduce with an operating
system.

Fittings of even more components on a small chip

or a semi conductor.

More powerful than second generation computer.

It performing about @ million instructions per
second.

Faster and larger primary and secondary storage.

@-2 components in SSI (Small Scale

Integration).

@ components in MSI (Medium Scale

Integration).

Small in size
Less expensive and less power

require.
On The microprocessor thousands of integrated
circuits were built onto a single silicon chip.

Fourth generation computers also saw the

development of GUI (Graphical User Interface)
the
mouse and handheld devices.

Billion calculations in a single second on

microprocessor.

The microprocessor was a LSI (large-scale

integrated) circuit which contained 
 of
transistors.
The reduced size
reduced cost
and increased
speed by microprocessor in the first personal
computers.

In @7
Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak built the

first Apple computer in a garage in California.

In @ 2
"Time" magazine dedicated its annual

"Man of the Year Issue" to the personal computer.

In Very Large Scale (VLSI)
@millions of

components could be fit into a small chip.
Video game systems like Atari 2 generated the
interest of general populace in the personal
computers.

Local Area Networks (LAN) and Wide Area Network

(WAN) become popular for connecting hundreds of
PCs.

MS-DOS
MS-Windows
UNIX and C language

became very popular.
Fifth generation computing devices
based on
artificial intelligence are still in development.

The use of parallel processing and

superconductors is helping to make artificial
intelligence a reality.

@ million component on
Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI).

It is smaller and cheaper.

No Air Condition (A/C) require.

Communication technologies become faster more

and more.

Storage technology also advanced very fast making

larger and larger.

Totally general purpose machine.

More user-friendly interface with multimedia

(graphics
charts
pictures
videos
etc.).
Less power voltage and less expensive require.

Easy to understand and use.

Internet
E-mail
Web-server
Web-browser all in

this generation.

Storage device like Hard disk
Floppy disk
CD-

Rom
CD-RW
Pen Drive
I-pod
etc.
The computers of the next generation will have
millions upon millions of transistors on one chip
and will perform over a Ô

 

  in a
single  
. There is no end in sight for the
computer movement.