Photosynthesis

光合作用

香港道教聯合會青松中學
吳友強

109/11/05
 Quick Revision :
Where does photosynthesis occur ？
Leaf 葉片
X-section
橫切面 :
Palisade
mesophyll
柵狀葉肉

Chloroplast under electron microscope

Chloroplast
葉綠體

電子顯微鏡下的葉綠體
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 Warm-up Questions
The following microphotograph is a
transverse section of a

A. stem.

B. leaf.

C. root.
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Sorry, you’ve got the wrong answer!!!

Can you find cortex ( 皮層 ), which

is very obvious in a cross-section
of a stem ?

Try again...

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Sorry, you’ve got the wrong answer!!!

Are the vascular bundles( 維管束 )

concentrated in the centre
of the section ?

Try again...

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 Congratulations!!!

You’ve got the

correct answer!!!

Go to next
question...
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 Warm-up Questions
Here is a transverse section of a leaf. It is a
leaf of

A. monocotyledonous xerophyte

B. dicotyledonous hydrophyte

C. dicotyledonous mesophyte
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Sorry, you’ve got the wrong answer!!!

Xerophyte is a kind of plants

adapted in desert habitat.

Try again...

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Sorry, you’ve got the wrong answer!!!

Hydrophyte is a kind of plants

adapted in aquatic habitat.

Try again...

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 Congratulations!!!

You’ve got the

correct answer!!!

Bonus …….
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 Bonus :
Give two reasons to support
your answer.


???
???

???
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Definition of Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is a process by which

green plants use sunlight trapped by
chlorophyll to produce organic
compounds (carbodyrate) from carbon
dioxide and water, oxygen is released as
by-product.

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 Summary of Photosynthesis
Sunlight
陽光
Carbon
dioxide Water
二氧化碳 水 Chlorophyll
葉綠素

Oxygen
氧

Glucose
109/11/05 葡萄糖
Experiments :
light
6CO2 ＋ 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6
O2 chlorophyll

1.To show that starch is produced during

Photosynthesis.

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Four steps :

1.Boil the leaf in water, why ?

2.Boil the leaf in alcohol, why ?
3.Wash the leaf in warm water, why ?
4.Add iodine solution to the leaf,
what is the expected result ?

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 Experiments :
light
6CO2 ＋ 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6
O2 chlorophyll

Aim :
To show that light is necessary for Photosynthesis.

Control :
Do we need a Control for this experiment ?

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 Experiments :
light
6CO2 ＋ 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6
O2 chlorophyll
Aim :
To show that chlorophyll is necessary for
photosynthesis.
Control :
Do we need a Control for this
experiment ?
Any Assumption ?

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 Experiments :
light
6CO2 ＋ 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6
O2 chlorophyll
Aim :
To show that carbon dioxide is necessary for
photosynthesis.

Any Criticism on the set-up ?

(Think about Variables.)

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 light
6CO2 ＋ 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6
O2 chlorophyll

Is it better ?

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 Experiments :
light
6CO2 ＋ 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6
O2 chlorophyll
Aim :
To show that oxygen is produced during
photosynthesis.

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 Logics
In an experiment, think about :
Aim and objective
Control experiment
Dependent variables
Independent variables
Assumptions
Limitations

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 Limitations of the summary equati
on : 　　
light
6CO2 ＋ 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6
O2 chlorophyll

1.Photosynthesis is a two phase process,

which cannot be shown in the equation.
2.Source of oxygen cannot be shown.
3.Glucose is not the first product of
photosynthesis.

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Photosynthesis involves two stages :

Light reaction
• light is necessary
• light split water into hydrogen and oxygen
Dark reaction
• light is not necessary
• hydrogen is used to reduce carbon dioxide
to carbodyrate

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 Light reaction

Light
陽光
Water
水 Oxygen Hydrogen 氫
氧 （原子）
Chlorophyll
葉綠素

Released from Dark reaction

the plant

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Dark reaction
Hydrogen 氫
（原子）

Carbohydrate
碳水化合物

Carbon
dioxide
二氧化碳

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109/11/05