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Money, Interest
Rates, and
Economic
Activity
More generally,
PV = R1 + R2 + … + R T
(1+i) (1+i)2 (1+i)T
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 28-4
Present Value and Market Price
Real GDP
An increase in real GDP increases the volume of transactions
in the economy
increase in desired money holding
– + +
MD = MD (i, Y, P)
Monetary equilibrium
occurs when the quantity
of money demanded
equals the quantity of
money supplied:
equilibrium interest
rate
Three stages:
Changes in desired
investment lead to a
shift in the AE
function, and thus a
shift in the AD curve.
In Chapter 23, there were two reasons for the negative slope
of the AD curve:
- ΔP leads to Δwealth
- ΔP leads to ΔNX
We can now add a third reason — the effect of interest rates.
A rise in P leads to:
- an increase in money demand
- a higher interest rate
reduces desired investment
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Addison-Wesley. All rights reserved. 28-21
The Strength of Monetary Forces