ANALYSING DATA

USING
MEGASTAT
JORGE P. FABONAN
ANALYSING DATA USING
MEGASTAT
◉ Descriptive (Ungrouped Data)
◉ Pearson-r Correlation Coefficient
◉ Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient
◉ Chi-square

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Descriptive Statistics
Mean, Median, Mode, Standard Deviation,
Variance, Range, and Quartiles
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 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
EXAMPLE 1.
The table shows the grades of 50 students in
Mathematics.
Find the:
Mean Standard Deviation Quartiles
Median Variance
Mode Range

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98 90 92 89 76 88 77 87 85 73

96 75 93 95 70 91 76 77 95 84

89 75 81 77 72 93 98 71 75 88

78 95 80 88 82 82 91 81 89 81

82 89 76 83 80 79 97 78 79 78

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 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
EXAMPLE 2. The following are the average number of
minutes required to do an assembly job by the 15 workers
of a manufacturing plant.
Calculate :
77 54 80 79 65
Mean , Median, Mode
85 62 48 69 78 Standard Deviation

65 78 65 55 71

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 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
ACTIVITY
Susan, a TLE researcher, looked at the average time (in
minutes) it takes a random sample of customers to be
served in a restaurant. From 40 customers, the following
information was obtained.
Calculate the : Mean, Median, Mode, Standard
Deviation, and Variance.

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8 8 10 18 10 13 8 10 8 10

12 10 16 16 12 15 12 12 9 15

10 20 20 12 10 10 16 10 18 12

15 12 15 14 15 16 15 12 8 8

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 Pearson-r
Testing the significance of Pearson-r correlation coefficient 2 9
 PEARSON-r
EXAMPLE 1. Test to determine whether or not
significant relationship exists between the height of a
person and his/ her shoe size.
x 64 72 65 73 68 66 68 70

y 8 9.5 7 8 8.5 8.5 8 10

Let x= height and y= shoe size

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 PEARSON-r
HO: There is no significant relationship between the
height of a person and his/her shoe size.

HA: There is a significant relationship between the

height of a person and his/her shoe size.

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 PEARSON-r
◉  
DecisionRule:
p-value , Reject HO
p-value , Do not reject HO

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 PEARSON-r
EXAMPLE 2.
The following data shows the scores of 5 students in
Statistics and Chemistry. Determine if the there is a
relationship between the scores in Chemistry and
Statistics. State the null and alternative hypotheses then
interpret the results.

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 Score in Score in
Student
Statistics (x) chemistry (y)
Alfonso 3 5
Frances 9 8
Raphael 10 10
James 12 9
Loida 7 8

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 PEARSON-r
◉  
ACTIVITY
A group of research students wants to determine
whether there is a correlation between the number of
cases and the number of vandalism cases y incurred in
their school. Data for one school year show the
following. State the hypotheses, run a test, then
interpret the results.

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 Month Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar

Number of theft cases

(x) 6 15 30 12 20 9 2 10 11 28
Number of vandalism
cases (y) 3 6 15 5 15 7 0 21 4 12

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 Spearman Rank
Testing the significance of Spearman rho correlation coefficient 3 17
 SPEARMAN RANK
EXAMPLE 1.
Determine the rank correlation coefficient of midterm
and final grades of the respondents in a given subject.
a. State the hypotheses;
b. run a test; and
c. interpret results.

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Midterm grades (x) 71 49 80 73 93 85 58 82

Final grades (y) 83 62 76 77 89 74 48 78

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 SPEARMAN RANK
EXAMPLE 2.
Determine the rank correlation coefficient between the
weights of fathers and weights of their youngest sons.
a. State the hypotheses;
b. run a test; and
c. interpret results.

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Weight of Fathers
(x) 65 63 67 64 68 62 70 66 68 67

Weight of sons
(y) 68 66 68 65 69 66 68 65 71 67

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 SPEARMAN RANK
ACTIVITY.
In a contest for Mr. Campus Personality, two judges
gave their rating to 8 candidates. Compute the
coefficient of rank correlation.
a. State the hypotheses;
b. run a test; and
c. interpret results.

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Candidate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Judge 1
(x) 98 97 95 90 89 88 85 85

Judge 2
(y) 94 97 98 95 92 90 89 85

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Chi-Square
Test for Independence 4 24
 CHI-SQUARE
EXAMPLE 1. (ONE-WAY)
Test if the attitude of the respondents is independent
from their choice of candidate to vote.
a. State the hypotheses;
b. run a test; and
c. interpret results.

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 OBSERVED
Attitude EXPECTED (E)
(O)
YES 100 125

NO 150 125

TOTAL 250 250

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 CHI-SQUARE
EXAMPLE 2. (TWO-WAY)
Test if significant association exists between the
attitude and educational attainment of the respondents
in choosing candidates to vote.
a. State the hypotheses;
b. run a test; and
c. interpret results.

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 Educational Attainment
Attitude Total
College Masters’ Doctorate
YES 100 150 50 300

NO 100 200 100 400

TOTAL 200 350 150 700

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ACTIVITY. (TWO-WAY)
CHI-SQUARE
A public opinion poll surveyed a simple random sample of 1,000
voters. Respondents were classified by gender (male or female) and
by voting preference (Republican, Democrat, or Independent). Is
there a gender gap? Do the men’s voting preferences differ
significantly from the women’s preferences? (Use a 0.05 level of
significance)
a. State the hypotheses;
b. run a test; and
c. interpret results.

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 Voting Preferences
Attitude Total
Republican Democrat Independent

Male 200 150 50 400

Female 250 300 50 600

TOTAL 450 450 100 1000

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THANKS!
Any questions?
You can find me at
@username / user@mail.me

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 REFERENCES

Rene R. Belecina, E. S. (2016). Statistics And Probability.

Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc.

(n.d.). Retrieved May 2, 2019, from Stat trek:

http://stattrek.com/chi-square-test/independence.aspx#
 

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