2.

3 TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN
PLANTS

TRANSPIRATION
TRANSPIRATION
 How wilting occurs ?

Wilting occurs in non-woody plants when

water loss through the stomata exceeds
water absorption by the roots in the
soil.

1. Cells in the plants lose their turgidity.

2. The plants droops or wilts
Advantages of wilting
1. The leaf surfaces are removed from
the direct rays of the sun.
2. The stomata close

So that , water loss from the plants will

be reduced
 What is transpiration?
• The process of losing excess water
from a plant to atmosphere in the
form of water vapour.
• These water vapour passes out of the
leaf through tiny pores called stomata.
• More stomata are found on the lower
epidermis of the leaf compared to the
upper epidermis.
• Stoma – a tiny pore
between a pair of cells
known as guard cells
( kidney shaped & contain
chloroplast).
• Guard cells – control the
opening & closing of the
stoma.
• Water vapour is expelled
out from the stoma during
transpiration.
•Gases like O2 & CO2
diffuse in & out of the
leaf through the stoma.
 stoma

1. An open stoma
1. A closed stoma
2. Normally open during the
2. The stomata of a day to allow the exchange
plant may be closed on of CO2 & O2 for
a hot day to reduce the
photosynthesis.
loss of water by
transpiration. 3. Results in the loss of water
by transpiration
 FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE RATE
OF TRANSPIRATION
1. Air movement (wind) – Transpiration is faster on
windy days. Wind blows away water vapour from
around the leaf, allowing better diffusion through
stomata.
2. Humidity – Transpiration is faster when the air is
dry, because diffusion of water vapour is quicker.

3. Temperature – Hot weather increases transpiration.

4. Light intensity – when the light intensity increases,

the rate of transpiration also increases Generally
transpiration is much reduced at night time because
the stoma close in the dark.
AIR MOVEMENT TEMPERATURE

Factors affect
the rate of
transpiration

LIGHT
HUMIDITY INTENSITY
Wind

• On windy days, the wind blows away the

water vapour surrounding the stomata
• Thus, more water is lost
• The rate of transpiration increases
Humidity

• The lower the humidity, the higher the rate of

transpiration
• When the air is humid, It contains a lot of water
vapour. So less water vapour evaporates from the
leaves.
Temperature

• The higher the temperature, the more water

vapour evaporates.
• Thus the rate of transpiration increases.
Light Intensity

• When the light intensity increases, the rate of

transpiration also increases.
• The presence of light causes the stomata to be
wide open and more water vapour is lost to the
environment.
 The Role of Transpiration in Transport

1 1. To get rid of excess water.

2 2. To cool the plant through evaporation at

the surface of the leaf and avoid heat
damage.
3
3. To transport water and dissolved mineral
salts from the roots to the other parts of the
plant.
 The Role of water in Plant

Water is a raw material need for photosynthesis.

Water helps to maintain turgor pressure of cells.

Without turgor pressure herbaceous plants wilt
and eventually die.
 During transpiration plants are at risk of
dehydration because the air is drying medium.
Although transpiration is essential it must be
controlled. To do this leaves have the following
features:

Cuticle – A waxy, waterproof covering that reduces

1 water loss.

Guard cells – These can close the stomata, pores

and so reduce transpirational water loss.
2
 Glossary
1. Wilt = Layu
2. Pore = liang
3. Vapour = wap water vapour = wap air
4. Leaf (s) / leave (p) = daun
5. Turgid = segah
6. Evaporation = pengewapan / penyejatan
7. Light intensity = keamatan cahaya
8. Humidity = kelembapan
9. Environment = persekitaran
Q1. What is the process by which plants
lose water via the leaves?

A Translocation

B Osmosis

C Filtration

D Transpiration
Q2. The transpiration rate of a well-
watered plant will be greatest during a

A hot, dry and windy area

B hot, rainy and windy area

C cool, dry and windless day

D cool, rainy day

Q1. Transpiration plays the following role
I Cool the plant
II helps the plant make new cells
III protects the plant against
disease

A I , II and III only C II dan III only

B I and III D I only

Incorrect ,
TRY again
Yes ,
you are right
Incorrect ,
TRY again
Yes ,
you are right
The transpiration stream brings mineral
salts into the plant from the soil.

Evaporation from the leaf surfaces helps to

cool them and avoid heat damage.