PUMPS AND TURBINES

Raven Shaine M. Nevero

BSME-4A
 PUMPS AND TURBINES
• Pump - a mechanical device using suction or pressure to raise or move
liquids, compress gases, or force air into inflatable objects
such as tires, etc.
- A pump is a device that moves fluids ( liquids or gases), or
sometimes slurries, by mechanical action, typically converted from
electrical energy into Hydraulic energy.Pumps can be classified into
three major groups according to the method they use to move the
fluid: direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps.
 PUMPS AND TURBINES
• TURBINE - a machine for producing continuous power in which a wheel
or rotor, typically fitted with vanes, is made to revolve by a fast-moving
flow of water, steam, gas, air, or other fluid.
TYPES OF PUMPS AND
TURBINES
 PUMPS AND TURBINES
• TYPES OF PUMPS
• DYNAMIC PUMPS
• POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
 TYPES OF PUMPS
• Dynamic Pumps
• Centrifugal
• Vertical Centrifugal
• Horizontal Centrifugal
• Submersible
• Fire Hydrant
 TYPES OF PUMPS
• Positive Displacement Pumps
• Diaphragm
• Gear
• Peristalic
• Lobe
• Piston
 TYPES OF PUMPS
(Dynamic Pumps)

• Centrifugal Pumps
These types of pumps are most commonly
used worldwide. The working is very
simple, described well and carefully tested.
This pump is strong, efficient and fairly
cheap to make. Whenever the pump is in
action, then the fluid pressure will increase
from the inlet of the pump to its outlet. The
change of pressure will drive the liquid
throughout the system.
 TYPES OF PUMPS
• Vertical Centrifugal Pumps
Vertical centrifugal pumps are also called as
cantilever pumps. These pumps use an
exclusive shaft & maintain design that
permits the volume to fall within the pit as
the bearings are external to the pit. This
mode of pump utilizes no filling container
to cover the shaft however in its place uses a
throttle bushing. A parts washer is the
common application of this kind of pump.
 TYPES OF PUMPS
• Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps
These types of pumps include a
minimum of two otherwise more
impellers. These pumps are utilized
in pumping services. Every stage is
fundamentally a divide pump.
 TYPES OF PUMPS
• Submersible Pumps
These pumps are also named as
stormwater, sewage, and septic
pumps. The applications of these
pumps mainly include building
services, domestic, industrial,
commercial, rural, municipal, &
rainwater recycle applications.
 TYPES OF PUMPS
• Fire Hydrant Systems
Fire hydrant pump systems are also named
as hydrant boosters, fire pumps, & fire
water pumps. These are high force water
pumps intended to enhance the capacity of
fire fighting of construction by increasing
the force within the hydrant service as
mains is not sufficient. The applications of
this system mainly include irrigation as
well as water transfer.
 TYPES OF PUMPS
(Positive Displacement Pumps)

• Diaphragm Pumps
Diaphragm pumps also known as AOD pumps
(Air operated diaphragms), pneumatic, and
AODD pumps. The applications of these pumps
mainly include in continuous applications like in
general plants, industrial and mining. AOD
pumps are particularly employed where power is
not obtainable, otherwise in unstable and
combustible regions. These pumps are also
utilized for transferring chemical, food
manufacturing, underground coal mines, etc.
 TYPES OF PUMPS
•  Gear Pumps
These pumps are a kind of rotating positive
dislocation pump, which means they force a
stable amount of liquid for every revolution.
These pumps move liquid with machinery
coming inside and outside of mesh for
making a non-exciting pumping act. These
pumps are capable of pumping on high
forces & surpass at pumping high thickness
fluids efficiently.
 TYPES OF PUMPS
• Peristaltic Pumps
Peristaltic pumps are also named as tube
pumps, peristaltic pumps. These are a kind
of positive displacement pumps and the
applications of these pumps mainly involve
in processing of chemical, food, and water
treatment industries. It makes a stable flow
for measuring & blending and also capable
of pumping a variety of liquids like
toothpaste and all kinds of chemicals.
 TYPES OF PUMPS
• Lobe Pumps
These pumps offer different characteristics like an
excellent high efficiency, rust resistance, hygienic
qualities, reliability, etc. These pumps can handle
high thickness fluids & solids without hurting them.
The working of these pumps can be related to gear
pumps, apart from the lobes which do not approach
into contact by each other. Additionally, these pumps
have superior pumping rooms compare with gear
pumps that allow them to move slurries. These are
made with stainless steel as well as extremely
polished.
 TYPES OF PUMPS
•  Piston Pumps
Piston pumps are one kind type of
positive dislocation pumps wherever the
high force seal responds through the
piston. These pumps are frequently used
in water irrigation, scenarios requiring
high, reliable pressure and delivery
systems for transferring chocolate,
pastry, paint, etc.
 TYPES OF TURBINES
• IMPLUSE
• REACTION
• GRAVITY
 TYPES OF TURBINES
• IMPULSE
• Pelton - The Pelton Turbine consists of a wheel with a series of split buckets set around its rim; a high
velocity jet of water is directed tangentially at the wheel. The jet hits each bucket and is split in half, so
that each half is turned and deflected back almost through 180º. Nearly all the energy of the water goes
into propelling the bucket and the deflected water falls into a discharge channel below.
• Turgo - The Turgo turbine is similar to the Pelton but the jet strikes the plane of the runner
at an angle (typically 20° to 25°) so that the water enters the runner on one side and exits on
the other. Therefore the flow rate is not limited by the discharged fluid interfering with the
incoming jet (as is the case with Pelton turbines). As a consequence, a Turgo turbine can have
a smaller diameter runner and rotate faster than a Pelton for an equivalent flow rate.
 TYPES OF TURBINES
• IMPULSE
• Crossflow - The Crossflow turbine has a drum-like rotor with a solid disk at each
end and gutter-shaped “slats” joining the two disks. A jet of water enters the top of
the rotor through the curved blades, emerging on the far side of the rotor by passing
through the blades a 2nd time. The shape of the blades is such that on each passage
through the periphery of the rotor the water transfers some of its momentum, before
falling away with little residual energy.
 TYPES OF TURBINES
• REACTION TURBINE
• Reaction turbines exploit the oncoming flow of water to generate hydrodynamic lift
forces to propel the runner blades. They are distinguished from the impulse type by
having a runner that always functions within a completely water-filled casing. All
reaction turbines have a diffuser known as a ‘draft tube’ below the runner through
which the water discharges. The draft tube slows the discharged water and so creates
suction below the runner which increases the effective head.
 TYPES OF TURBINES
• REACTION TURBINE
• Propeller-Type Turbine - Propeller-type turbines are similar in principle to the
propeller of a ship, but operating in reversed mode. A set of inlet guide vanes admits
the flow to the propeller and these are often adjustable so as to allow the flow
passing through the machine to be varied. In some cases the blades of the runner can
also be adjusted, in which case the turbine is called a Kaplan. The mechanics for
adjusting turbine blades and guide vanes can be costly and tend to be more
affordable for large systems, but can greatly improve efficiency over a wide range of
flows.
 TYPES OF TURBINES
• REACTION TURBINE
• Francis Turbine - The Francis turbine is essentially a modified form of
propeller turbine in which water flows radially inwards into the runner
and is turned to emerge axially. For medium-head schemes, the runner
is most commonly mounted in a spiral casing with internal adjustable
guide vanes. Since the cross-flow turbine is now a less costly (though
less efficient) alternative to the spiral-case Francis, it is rare for these
turbines to be used on sites of less than 100 kW output.
 TYPES OF TURBINES
• REACTION TURBINE
• Pit-Francis(Open-Flume) - The Francis turbine was originally designed as a
low-head machine, installed in an open chamber (or ‘pit’) without a spiral
casing. Thousands of such machines were installed in the UK and the rest
of Europe from the 1920s to the 1960s. Although an efficient turbine, it was
eventually superseded by the propeller turbine which is more compact and
faster-running for the same head and flow conditions. However, many of
these ‘open-flume’ or ‘wall plate’ Francis turbines are still in place, hence
this technology is still relevant for refurbishment schemes.
 TYPES OF TURBINES
• GRAVITY TURBINES
• Archimedes Screw - The Archimedes Screw has been used as a pump for
centuries, but has only recently been used in reverse as a turbine. It’s principle of
operation is the same as the overshot waterwheel, but the clever shape of the helix
allows the turbine to rotate faster than the equivalent waterwheel and with high
efficiency of power conversion (over 80%). However they are still slow-running
machines, which require a multi-stage gearbox to drive a standard generator. A key
advantage of the Screw is that it avoids the need for a fine screen and automatic
screen cleaner because most debris can pass safely through the turbine. The
Archimedian screw is proven to be a ‘fish-friendly’ turbine.
 IMPORTANCE OF PUMPS AND
TURBINES
• TURBINES
• A water turbine running at a certain speed will draw a particular flow. If there is not sufficient flow in
the river to meet this demand, the turbine could start to drain the river and its performance rapidly
degrades. It therefore either has to shut down, or it has to change its internal geometry – a process
known as regulation. Regulated turbines can move their inlet guide vanes and/or runner blades in
order to increase or reduce the amount of flow they draw. The efficiency of the different turbines will
inevitably reduce as they draw less flow. The typical variation is shown in below. Therefore a
significant factor in the comparison of different turbine types is their relative efficiencies both at their
design point and at reduced flows. For example, Pelton and Kaplan turbines retain very high
efficiencies when running below design flow; whereas the efficiency of Crossflow and Francis
turbines falls away more rapidly if run at below half their normal flow.
 IMPORTANCE OF PUMPS AND
TURBINES
• PUMPS
• Some pumps are created to regulate the flow of your drainage. Others
are made exclusively for water regulation. There are pumps used to
extract oil from the ground, and some pumps are used for filtering
liquids. There are even pumps in your car meant to facilitate water
cooling and fuel injection. With all that said, these pumps all have a
practical purpose, and while their use is mostly behind the scenes,
their importance today cannot be understated.