PRODI D3 GIZI

Respiratory system
Zahra Anggita Pratiwi
What is respiratory system ?
The Respiratory System

The respiratory system consists of

the UPPER and LOWER respiratory
tracts.

The function of the respiratory system is to

facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon
dioxide.
How we breathe?
Moving air in and out

1. During inspiration (inhalation), the

diaphragm and intercostal muscles
contract.
2. During exhalation, these muscles
relax. The diaphragm domes
upwards.
The nose leads into the trachea, which then splits into two bronchi, which in turn branch into various bronchioles. These
bronchioles then lead into small alveoli, which is where the exchange of air takes place. The lungs are basically made up
of parenchymatous tissue that is present in this form on the right and left, which thus, constitutes the right and left lungs. 
 The process of gas exchange in alveoli is
characterized by inhalation of oxygen and
exhalation of carbon dioxide.
Gas Exchange ● Oxygen enters the blood cells by means of

Process ●
alveoli and a network of capillaries.
Oxygen is carried to the tissues of different
parts of the body by means of blood.
● Carbon dioxide is collected by the blood
and carried to lungs.
● Carbon dioxide diffuses from capillaries
that surround the alveoli and is finally
exhaled by lungs.
Here is the story …
The end.

Credit:
https://bodytomy.com/human-respiratory-syste
m-functions
Organ and structure of
respiratory system
PHARYNX
The different parts of pharynx are as follows:
● Nasopharynx: It connects the upper portion of the throat with the nasal cavity.
● Oropharynx: It is located between the soft palate and upper part of epiglottis.
● Laryngopharynx: This part of the pharynx is located below the epiglottis. It opens
into the esophagus and larynx.
LARYNX
Larynx contains 2 folds called vocal cords:
Glottis & Epiglottis.
● Glottis : Opening between the
vocal cords
As air leaves the lungs, the vocal cords
vibrate and produce sound.

● Epiglottis
Closes the opening into larynx during
swallowing.
Prevwnts food & liquids from entering
respiratory tract.
TRACHEA
● The trachea, also known as windpipe, extends from larynx to bronchi. In fact, the
trachea gets branched into bronchi. It facilitates the flow of air towards the bronchi.
● Carries air between pharynx and bronchi.
● The main function of the trachea is to let the air flow into the lungs. It helps in
respiration. It widens and lengthens slightly as you inhale. It returns to its resting size
as you exhale.
Bronchus (singular of bronchi) is a passage
which allows the flow of air into lungs. The
bronchi extend from trachea to the lungs.

1. The tracheal tube, when divided into two at

the caudal end, gives rise to the left and
right bronchus.
2. The left bronchus is shorter than the right
one; the left one is sub-divided into 2 lobar
bronchi; right bronchus, on the other hand,
is sub-divided into 3 lobar bronchi.
LUNGS
Right Lung
The right lung weights more than the left lung...
The right lung is shorter than the left lung by about five
centimeters. This is due to the diaphragm rising higher on
the right side so as to accommodate the liver. However, the
right lung is broader due to the inclination of the heart on the
left side. Due to this reason, the total capacity, volume and
weight of the right lung is more than that of the left lung.

Left Lung
The left lung is two lobed...
The left lung lacks a proper middle lobe. The reason why
there is no middle lobe, which makes the left lung smaller
than the right, is that it makes room for the heart as the
human heart is placed slightly towards the left side of the
chest.
Human lungs are conical organs present inside the pleural cavities. They carry out the
work of supplying the body with oxygen and removing carbon dioxide.
1. The left lung is divided into 2 lobes (superior and inferior) while the right lung into 3
(superior, inferior and middle).
2. Each lung possesses a triangular organ called hilum; blood vessels, nerves,
lymphatics and bronchi pass through the hilum.
ALVEOLI
● The alveoli are sac-shaped bodies present inside the lungs, at the tip of alveolar ducts.
The alveoli function like an interface for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
between lungs and capillaries.
Thank You !