SESSION 1:

INTRODUCTION
TO MANAGEMENT
AND
ORGANIZATIONS
 Session 1: Introduction
TOPICS
 What is management?

 What do Managers do?

 Changing role of managers

 What is an organization?

ECIM: Bishal B Shrestha

 Rewards and challenges of being a
2
Manager
Who Are Managers?

 Manager
 Someone who coordinates and oversees the
work of other people so that organizational goals
can be accomplished.

© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 1–3

Classifying Managers

 First-line Managers
 Individuals who manage the work of non-
managerial employees.
 Middle Managers
 Individuals who manage the work of first-line
managers.
 Top Managers
 Individuals who are responsible for making
organization-wide decisions and establishing
plans and goals that affect the entire
organization.

© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 1–4

Exhibit 1–1 Managerial Levels

© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 1–5

 Session 1: Introduction
WHAT IS MANAGEMENT?
 Management is what managers do!
 Coordinating and overseeing work
activities of others so that their activities
are completed efficiently and
effectively
 Management strives for low resource

ECIM: Bishal B Shrestha

wastage (high efficiency) and high goal
attainment (high effectiveness) 6
WHAT DO MANAGERS

Session 1: Introduction
DO?

Three perspectives

 Management Functions

 Management Roles

 Management Skills

ECIM: Bishal B Shrestha

7
MANAGEMENT

Session 1: Introduction
FUNCTIONS
 Henry Fayol’s definition (still widely accepted
today)
 Planning
 Defining goals, developing strategies and plans to
integrate and coordinate activities
 Organizing
 Arranging and structuring work to accomplish goals
 Leading
 Working with and through people to accomplish
goals
 Controlling

ECIM: Bishal B Shrestha

 Monitoring, comparing and correcting work
performance if required
8
 Session 1: Introduction
MANAGEMENT ROLES

Henry Mintzberg’s definition

 Interpersonal

 Informational

 Decisional

ECIM: Bishal B Shrestha

9
 Session 1: Introduction
INTERPERSONAL
 Figurehead
 Symbolic head; routine duties of a legal or
social nature

 Leader
 Motivation of subordinates; staffing, training,
etc

ECIM: Bishal B Shrestha

 Liaison
 Maintaining self-developed network of
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“outsiders” and informers
 Session 1: Introduction
INFORMATIONAL
 Monitor
 Seek and receive wide variety of information
for overall understanding of organization and
environment

 Disseminator
 Transmit relevant information to members of
the organization

ECIM: Bishal B Shrestha

 Spokesperson
 Transmit information to “outsiders” 11
 Session 1: Introduction
DECISIONAL
 Entrepreneur
 Search for opportunities and initiate changes for
improvement
 Disturbance Handler
 Take corrective action in case of disturbances
 Resource Allocator
 Allocate all kinds of resources to attain
organization goals; make/approve all significant
organizational decisions
 Negotiator

ECIM: Bishal B Shrestha

 Represent organization in major negotiations

12
Exhibit 1–5 Skills Needed at Different Management Levels

© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 1–13

 Session 1: Introduction
MANAGEMENT SKILLS
 Technical Skills (Lower Level Managers)
 Diagnosticskills
 Decision-making skills
 Time management skills

 Human Skills (All levels)

 Interpersonal
skills
 Communication Skills

 Conceptual Skills (Top Managers)

ECIM: Bishal B Shrestha

14
 Session 1: Introduction
CONCEPTUAL SKILLS
 Ability to use information to solve business problems

 Identification of opportunities for innovation

 Recognizing problem areas and implementing

solutions

 Selecting critical information from masses of data

 Understanding of business uses of technology

ECIM: Bishal B Shrestha

 Understanding of organization’s business model
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 Session 1: Introduction
COMMUNICATION SKILLS
 Ability to transform ideas into words and actions

 Credibility among colleagues, peers and subordinates

 Listening and asking questions

 Presentation skills; spoken format

 Presentations skills; written and/or graphic formats

ECIM: Bishal B Shrestha

16
 Session 1: Introduction
EFFECTIVENESS SKILLS
 Contributing to corporate mission
 Customer focus
 Multitasking
 Negotiating skills
 Project Management
 Reviewing and improving

ECIM: Bishal B Shrestha

 Setting priorities for attention and activity
 Time Management 17
 Session 1: Introduction
INTERPERSONAL SKILLS
 Coaching and mentoring

 Diversity skills

 Networking within organization

 Networking outside organization

 Working in teams; cooperation and

ECIM: Bishal B Shrestha

commitment
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Session 1: Introduction ECIM: Bishal B Shrestha
ECIM: Bishal B Shrestha
19-
19
L2
Past
Local or
CHANGING CHALLENGES
FOR THE MANAGER
 Session 1: Introduction
CHANGING CHALLENGES
FOR THE MANAGER
Past Causes Future

Standardized Affluence and worldwide Mass

products markets; increasingly flexible customization
production processes
Job Changing socio-cultural scene. Empowered
specialization Increasingly a knowledge and employees, teams,
information society.

Low cost Environmental issues, ISO Environmentally

focus increasing disposal costs sensitive
production, Green

ECIM: Bishal B Shrestha

manufacturing,

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CHANGING ROLE OF

Session 1: Introduction
MANAGERS

 Change is constant!

 Importance of customers

 Importance of innovation

ECIM: Bishal B Shrestha

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How The Manager’s Job Is Changing

 The Increasing Importance of Customers

 Customers: the reason that organizations exist
Managing customer relationships is the


responsibility of all managers and

employees.
 Consistent high quality customer service is

essential for survival.

 Innovation
 Doing things differently, exploring new territory, and
taking risks
 Managers should encourage employees to
be aware of and act on opportunities for
innovation.
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 1–22
 Exhibit 1–8
Changes Impacting
the Manager’s Job

© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 1–23

WHAT IS AN

Session 1: Introduction
ORGANIZATION?
 Deliberate arrangement of people to

accomplish some specific purpose

ECIM: Bishal B Shrestha

24
What Is An Organization?

 An Organization Defined
 A deliberate arrangement of people to
accomplish some specific purpose (that
individuals independently could not accomplish
alone).
 Common Characteristics of Organizations
 Have a distinct purpose (goal)
 Composed of people
 Have a deliberate structure

© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 1–25

Exhibit 1–9 Characteristics of Organizations

© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 1–26

Exhibit 1–10 The Changing Organization

© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 1–27

Why Study Management?

 The Value of Studying Management

 The universality of management
 Good management is needed in all
organizations.
 The reality of work
 Employees either manage or are managed.
 Rewards and challenges of being a manager
 Management offers challenging, exciting and
creative opportunities for meaningful and
fulfilling work.
 Successful managers receive significant
monetary rewards for their efforts.
© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 1–28
Exhibit 1–11 Universal Need for Management

© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 1–29

Exhibit 1–12 Rewards and Challenges of Being A Manager

© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 1–30