BIBIN JOHNSON

Contents

• What is Infrared (IR) ?

• Introduction
• Characteristics and key features
• Infrared communication standards
• How IrDA Transmission Works
• Conclusion and Future of the IrDA
 What is Infrared (IR) ?
(the prefix infra means `below‘)

The electromagnetic spectrum includes gamma rays, X-rays,

ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwaves, and radio waves. The
only difference between these different types of radiation is their
wavelength or frequency.
 Infrared is usually divided into 3
spectral regions
Micro wave
Visible near-IR mid-IR Far-IR

0.8–5 m 5-40 m 40-250 m

= 0.75 m

Cannot see (human eye)

Some animals can "see" in the infrared. For example, snakes in

the pit viper family (e.g. rattlesnakes) have sensory "pits," which
are used to detect infrared light. This allows the snake to find
warm-blooded animals.
The primary source of infrared radiation is heat or thermal
radiation.
This is the radiation produced by the motion of atoms and
molecules in an object.
Any object which has a temperature above absolute zero (0 K)
radiates in the infrared.

person
holding burning match

Infrared image of
Orion

Landing space shuttle

Cat
Human & vehicle at total darkness
same image in Black=hot mode
thermal image in white=hot mode

Human Suspect climbing

over fence at 2:49 AM in
total darkness Suspect attempting to burglarize vehicle at
1:47 AM in total darkness.
Introduction

• The Infrared Data Association, often referred to

as IrDA, is a nonprofit organization whose goal
is to develop globally adopted specifications for
infrared wireless communication.IrDA was
formed in 1994.
• It thrives today due to the hundreds of
corporate and individual members who volunteer
their time and know-how to the continued
development of IrDA applications and
specifications.
Infrared communication standards

• IrDA-Data defines the standard for the

wireless, two-way infrared data
transmission between two devices
• It consists of a set of mandatory
protocols: PHY (Physical), IrLAP (Link
Access), and IrLMP (Link Management).
Infrared communication
standards(CONT)
• IrDA is the infrared standard that allows
wireless peripherals such as keyboards,
mouse, game pads, joysticks, and other
pointing devices to interact with many
types of host devices. Host devices include
PCs, home appliances, game consoles,
and TV/Web set top boxes.
 Benefits for IrDA-standard

• Offers a universal wireless standard for

connecting all portable infrared-enabled devices
• Easy, effortless implementation
• Economical alternative to other connectivity
solutions
• Reliable, high speed connection
• Safe to use in any environment, can even be
used during air travel
• Allows PC’s and non-PC’s devices to communicate
with each other
Characteristics and key features

• An IrDA infrared connection is established

solely by a directed infrared beam, for bi-
directional half-duplex communications.
The lowest signaling rate is 9,600 bps,
and the highest currently specified is 16
Mbps.
Characteristics and key
features(CONT)
• Nevertheless, most devices available today
operate at a maximum of 4 Mbps. The
range of the line-of-sight connection is
typically 2 meters.
Characteristics and key
features(CONT)

• There is also a low power version available

with a limited range objective of 20 cm,
but at 10 times less power consumption.
• IrDA connections are suitable for point-to-
point and even point-to-multipoint.
• IrDA is very popular with portable
devices, such as notebooks, handheld
computers, digital cameras, electronic
books, toys, and watches.
DIFFERENT TYPES

• SIR Slow infrared: (IrDA 1.0 Standard),

which has a capability to transmit data at
9.6 kbps to 115.2
• FIR Fast infrared :(IrDA 1.1 Standard),
which is the capability to transmit data up
to 4 Mbits/sec.
• VFIR Very fast infrared :Upto 16 Mbps
Difference between direct infrared,
diffuse infrared, and radio frequency?
• Direct infrared is a point-to-point, typically one-
to-one communication. Which requires line of sight
and is a secure form of data transmission and
reception.
• Diffuse infrared allows many-to-many
connections, does not require direct line of sight
and can be uni-directional or bi-directional. Since it
is based on visible light, it is a secure form within a
room.
• Radio frequency is not secure in that it can
penetrate through walls and is subject to
uncontrolled interference. It is typically higher in
power consumption than directed infrared and
requires FCC certification.
How IrDA Transmission Works
• The IrDA transmission require a simple interface,
shortening the bit length to a maximum of 3/16 of
its original length for power–saving requirements,
an infrared emitting diode is driven to transmit an
optical signal to the receiver.
• This type of transmission covers the data range up
to 115.2 kbit/s which is the maximum data rate
supported by standard UART. All transmissions
must be started at this frequency to enable
compatibility.
How IrDA Transmission Works
(cont)
• Higher speeds require special interfaces
which operate at 1.152 Mbit/s
• The fastest data rate supported by IrDA
is 4.0 Mbit/s operating with 125–ns
pulses.
Infrared Photo Transtor - TK69
TSOP1738

• The TSOP1736 is a 3 pin

device that receives the
infrared bursts and gives
out the demodulated
bitstream at the output.
Phillips RC5
• Most audio and video systems are equipped with
an infrared remote control.
• A common used standard protocol for infrared
data communication is the RC5 code,
originallydeveloped by Phillips.
• This code has an instruction set of 2048
different instructions and is divided into 32
address of each 64 instructions.
• Every kind of equipment use his own address,so
this makes it possible to change the volume of
the TV without change the volume of the Music
system.
Phillips RC5
The transmitted code is a dataword wich consists
of 14 bits of which,
• 2 are start bits for the automatic gain control in
the infrared receiver.
• 1 toggle bit (change everytime when a new
button is pressed on the ir transmitter)
• 5 address bits for the system address
• 6 instruction bits for the pressed key
 Phillips RC5
• The duration time of each bit is equal to 1,778 ms
and the total time of a full RC5 code is 24,889 ms.
Future of IrDA

• Infrared port will soon be seen in copiers,

fax machines, overhead projectors,
telephones, bank ATM's, credit card
readers, game controls, and
headsets…etc.