Laws of

Thermodynamics
1
Disusun Oleh :
Ichwan Aryono, S.Pd.
 First law of
Firstthermodynamics
Law of thermodynamics states that :
Whenever heat Q is given to a system, a portion of
heat is used to increase its internal energy in the
amount of ∆ U, whereas the remaining leaves the
system when the system performs a work W to its
surroundings.
Mathematically, the first law of thermodynamics is
Q>0 by :
formulated

Q = ∆ UW+positip
W jika sistem melakukan
usaha
W negatip jika sistem dikenai usaha
W>0 W<0 Q positip Jika sistem menerima kalor
Q negatip jika sistem melepas kalor
Energi dalam ∆ U tidak terpengaruh
oleh proses, yang dilihat adalah
hanya pada keadaan awal dan
keadaan akhir
Q<0
The first law of thermodynamics for
isothermal process

At isothermal Process : ∆ T = 0, so
∆ U=0
The work done
V2 by the isothermal
W = nRT is
process ln :
V1
so

Q = ∆ U + W =V0 + W = W
W = nRT ln 2
V1
Q=
The first law of thermodynamics for
isobaric
process

At isobaric process the pressure is

constant
DP = 0 3
∆U = P∆V
Internal energy 2 , so
3
Q = ∆U + W = P∆V + P∆V
2
5 5
Q = P∆V = P (V2 − V1 )
2 2
The first law of thermodynamics for
isochoric process

At Isochoric process volume is

constant, ∆ V = 0, so the work done
W = P∆ V = 0, its produce :

Q = ∆U + W = ∆U + 0
3 3
Q = ∆U = nR∆T = nR(T2 − T1 )
2 2
The first law of thermodynamics for
adiabatic
process
Adiabatic process is a process
without any transfer of heat into or
from the system (Q=0)and it applies :
Q = ∆U +W
0 = ∆U +W
3
W = −∆U = − nR (T2 −T1 )
2
3
W = nR (T1 −T2 )
2
 Student Activity #1

A system absorbs 1500 J of heat from surrounding

and does work done 2200 J . Determine the
change of internal energy system, increases or
decreases ?
 Student Activity #2

System absorbs 1500 J of energy from

surrounding. At the same time 2200 J work done
is given to the system. Determine the change of
internal energy of the system. Is temperature
decreses or increases ?
 Student Activity #3

Two mol of ideal gas is expans from point I to

point F with three difference way as shown in
diagram below. Calculate the work done,
change of internal energy, and calor in each
way IAF, IF and IBF, state in joule
P(atm) A
4
I

B F
1
V(L)

2 4
 Student Activity
P(Pa)
Four mol of ideal gas
in cylinder container B A
change its conditional 500
as shown in graphic P-
V beside. Determine
the work done, internal
energy and calor if the C
200
gas is change from A
to C thrue (a) ABC, (b)
AC
V(cm3
0 )
300 500 800
 Student Activity #5

Three different processes act on system.

a. In process A, 42J of work are done on the system and 77J of
heat are added to the system. Find the change in the
system’s internal energy.
b. In process B. the system does 42 J of work and 77J of heat
are added to the system. What is the change in the system’s
internal energy ?
c. In process C, the system’s internal energy decreases by 120
J while the system performs 120 J of work on its
surroundings. How much heat was added to the system ?
 Student Activity #6
An ideal gas is taken through the four processes shown in
figure below. The changes in internal energy for three of
these processes are as follows : ∆ UAB = + 82 J, ∆ UBC =
+15 J, ∆ UDA = -56 J. Find the change in internal energy
for the process from C to D
pressur

D C
e

A B

volume
 Student Activity # 7
a. Find the work done by a monoatomic ideal gas as it
expands from point A to point C along the path shown in
figure below.
b. If the temperature of the gas is 220K at point A, what is its
temperature at point C ?
c. How much heat has been added to or removed from the
gas during this process ?

B
600
Pressure P(kPa)

400
A C
200

Volume, V(m3)
0 2 4 6 8 10
 Student Activity #8
During an adiabatic process, the temperature of 3.52 moles
of monoatomic ideal gas drops from 485oC to 205oC. For
this gas, find
a. The work it does
b. The heat it exchanges with its surroundings, and
c. The changes in internal energy
 Student Activity #9
An ideal gas follows the three-part process shown in figure
below. At the completion of one full cycle, find
a. The net work done by the system
b. The net change in internal energy of the system
c. The net heat absorbed by the system

A
Pressure P(kPa)

15
0
10
0
B
50 C

0 1 2 3 4 Volume, V(m3)
 Quiz
Suppose 57.5 moles of an ideal monoatomic gas undergoes
the series of processes shown in figure below.
a. Calculate the temperature at the points A, B, and C.
b. For each process, A-B, B-C, and C-A, state whether heat
enters or leaves the system, Explain in each case.
c. Calculate the heat exchanged with the gas during each of
three process.

A
Pressure P(kPa)

15
0
10
0
B
50 C

0 1 2 3 4 Volume, V(m3)